Abstract

As millimetre wave (MMW) frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum are increasingly adopted in modern technologies such as mobile communications and networking, characterising the biological effects is critical in determining safe exposure levels. We study the exposure of primary human dermal fibroblasts to MMWs, finding MMWs trigger genomic and transcriptomic alterations. In particular, repeated 60 GHz, 2.6 mW cm⁻², 46.8 J cm⁻² d⁻¹ MMW doses induce a unique physiological response after 2 and 4 days exposure. We show that high dose MMWs induce simultaneous non-thermal alterations to the transcriptome and DNA structural dynamics, including formation of G-quadruplex and i-motif secondary structures, but not DNA damage.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9203081/

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Limited preview of this publication

To the Editor, Pall [1] speaks of a “mechanism” by which Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) exert forces on the channel sensors of voltage-gated ion channels on cell membranes causing “activation” of these channels, and claims this is his discovery! This is already published since 2000 in multiple publications by Panagopoulos et al., and it is widely known as “ion forced-oscillation mechanism ”or “ion forced-vibration mechanism” [2–7, and more]. It describes in detail how polarized and coherent (man-made) EMFs force mobile ions in cells to oscillate on parallel lines and in phase with the applied oscillating EMF, and how the oscillating ions inside the channels exert Coulomb forces on the fixed charges of the S4 channel sensors of voltage-gated ion channels causing their irregular gating (dysfunction rather than “activation”) [2–7].

Pall referred to these publications until 2015 to explain the calcium channel findings, and the “window” effects [8]. He had also made a public comment stating among other details:

“The whole basis of the heating/thermal/SAR paradigm of action of these fields is entirely based on the claim that there is no biophysically viable mechanism for the action of these weak non-thermal or micro-thermal fields, and that claim was shown by Panagopoulos to be wrong and the empirical evidence shows that Panagopoulos is right. This is THE best example I have seen of a clearly strongly supported paradigm shift within the last 50 years.” His comment was included in [7] with his consent.

Thus, Pall not only knows our mechanism, but he praised it until 2017, not claiming that it is his contribution. Then, he stopped referring to it, and now talks about a “VGCC activation mechanism” if it is his own discovery! , This. of course, is untrue, and against any ethical and scientific principle.

He refers to Panagopoulos et al. [4] for the effect of polarization, but not for the mechanism which he presents as his own. He speaks of “coherence of polarity” (a non-existing term) instead of polarization, and of “electronically generated EMFs” instead of man-made EMFs to differentiate from Panagopoulos et al. [4], and “explains” how “coherent electronically generated EMFs” are more bioactive than natural EMFs as if this is another discovery of his own! All these “new discoveries” are already thoroughly described and shown by equations in refs. [3–4, 7] where it is explained that man-made EMFs are produced by electric/electronic circuits and for this they are totally polarized and coherent.

In his effort to present our mechanism as his own under the new title “VGCC activation mechanism” he now claims that the irregular gating of the voltage channels occurs not by forces exerted by the oscillating ions on the sensors, but by direct forces from the applied EMFs which are “amplified” by the membranes [1]. A simple calculation shows this would require electric fields on the order of∼3×106V/m (=30 mV/10 nm), like when these channels are gated physiologically by changes of∼30 mV in the voltage across the membrane (∼10 nm width) [2–7]. But it has been shown experimentally by many studies, and theoretically in [2–7], that polarized (and coherent) electric fields down to ∼10−4V/m can induce biological effects. Moreover, incident fields cannot be “amplified” in living tissue as this is against basic laws of physics.

Letter PDF

https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Panagopoulos-2021-Comments-on-Pall-2021-RevEnvH-final-published.pdf

The post Comments on Pall’s “Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics” appeared first on EMFSA.

Abstract

Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields, such as communication, industry, medical treatment, and military applications. Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs, such as the brain, heart, reproductive organs, and endocrine organs, which endanger human health. Therefore, it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation. The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies. In this article, we review the microwave exposure conditions, subjects used to establish injury models, the methods used for the assessment of the injuries, and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed electromagnetic radiation as one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences [1]. Microwave radiation is a form of electromagnetic waves, with frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields, such as communication, industry, medical treatment, and the military. Previous studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause injuries to both the structures and functions of the brain, heart, reproductive organs and endocrine organs, which endangers human health [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation are essential for unveiling the mechanisms of these injuries and promoting the development of more efficient prevention methods and more profound treatment strategies. Successful establishment of injury models plays an important role in studies on the biological effects of microwave radiation. Not only is the successful establishment of injury models the premise of these studies, but it also has great importance to their reliability and reproducibility.

Generally, the establishment of injury models induced by microwave radiation requires stable microwave exposure conditions, suitable subjects, appropriate methods, and reliable biological indicators. The stable microwave exposure conditions promise the reproducibility of the microwave-radiation-induced biological effects [10]. Suitable subjects sensitive to specific microwave radiation injuries are essential in establishing different types of injury models. The appropriate methods are helpful in screening biological indicators sensitive to microwave radiation, which are important for assessing the successful establishment of injury models, understanding the underlying mechanisms of microwave radiation injuries, and laying foundations for corresponding clinical diagnosis and the development of targeted therapeutic drugs.

https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-021-00303-w

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DH Toffa & AD Sow (2020) The enigma of headaches associated with electromagnetic hyperfrequencies: Hypotheses supporting non-psychogenic algogenic processes, Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 39:3, 196-205, DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1762638

ABSTRACT

Although an electrohypersensitivity (EHS) is reported in numerous studies, some authors associate hyperfrequencies (HF)-related pains with a nocebo effect while others suggest a biological effect. Therefore, we aimed to suggest hypotheses about the complex mechanisms of headaches related to HF-exposure. We crossed basic features of headaches with relevant studies (from the year 2000 up to 2018) emphasizing on the HF effects that may lead to pain genesis: neuroglial dysmetabolism, neuroinflammation, changes in cerebral blood perfusion, blood-brain barrier dysfunction and electrophysiological evidences of hyperexcitability. We privileged studies implying a sham exposure (for in vivo studies) and a specific absorption rate lower than 4 W/Kg. HF-induced headaches may involve an indirect inflammatory process (neurogenic, magnetogenic or thermogenic) as well as a direct biophysical effect (thermogenic or magnetogenic). We linked inflammatory processes to meningeal dysperfusion or primary neuroglial dysfunction triggered by non-thermal irradiation or HF-induced heating at thermal powers. In the latter case, HF-induced excitoxicity and oxidative stress probably play a crucial role. Such disorders may lead to vascular-trigeminal activation in predisposed people. Interestingly, an abnormal oxidative stress predisposition had been demonstrated in overall 80% of EHS self-reporting patients. In the case of direct effects, pain pathways’ activation may be directly triggered by HF-irradiation (heating and/or transcranial HF-induced ectopic action potentials). Further research on HF-related headaches is needed.

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Buch, J.; Hammond, B. Photobiomodulation of the Visual System and Human Health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8020.

Review

Abstract

Humans express an expansive and detailed response to wavelength differences within the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. This is most clearly manifest, and most studied, with respect to a relatively small range of electromagnetic radiation that includes the visible wavelengths with abutting ultraviolet and infrared, and mostly with respect to the visual system. Many aspects of our biology, however, respond to wavelength differences over a wide range of the EM spectrum. Further, humans are now exposed to a variety of modern lighting situations that has, effectively, increased our exposure to wavelengths that were once likely minimal (e.g., “blue” light from devices at night). This paper reviews some of those biological effects with a focus on visual function and to a lesser extent, other body systems.

Full text available at https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8020/htm

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Abstract

The biosafety of ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses, which are characterized by simultaneously high power and a high bandwidth ratio, has gained increasing attention. Although there is substantial prior literature on the biological effects of UWB pulses on both cells and animals, an explicit, unequivocal and definite pattern of the corresponding biological responses remains elusive, and the systemic secondary consequences are also still not fully understood. In this study, we found that exposing mice to UWB pulses resulted in the alteration of several biochemical blood parameters, which further prompted us to investigate changes in the liver and kidneys of mice exposed to UWB pulses with different field intensities and different durations. The data demonstrated that exposure to UWB pulses significantly increased the levels of ALT and AST, increased oxidative stress, and could even induce the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes. The total number of pulses under the tested acute exposure regiment contributed most to the observed hepatic and rental dysfunction. Notably, the physiological and molecular changes recovered approximately 72 hours after exposure. These results imply the potential risk of acute exposure to UWB pulses, and highlight the meaningful targets for further long-term study of chronic exposure.

The post Effects of acute exposure to ultra-wideband pulsed electromagnetic fields on the liver and kidneys of mice appeared first on EMFSA.

The post Dr. Dimitris Panagopoulos: Electromagnetic Fields – Health Effects – Mechanism of Action appeared first on EMFSA.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29775391/

The post Understanding physical mechanism of low-level microwave radiation effect appeared first on EMFSA.

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NTP Study – my first impressions…

Today, the US NTP published results of its animal study examining effects of RF-EMF on mice and rats. Both reports are quite long to read and I had no time for detailed evaluation yet. However, in my opinion, the NTP study demonstrates that exposures to cell phone radiation cause biological and health effects in animals. This confirms that biological and health effects in humans are possible.

The most significant finding, in my opinion, is the development of gliomas in exposed animals. Increased risk for developing of the same tumor was shown in epidemiological studies. This is a very significant finding. NTP study dramatically strengthens the evidence obtained from epidemiological studies. Now, mechanism for the development of glioma should be determined. It needs to be determined whether RF radiation induces glioma by itself or whether RF radiation only assists in development of gliomas caused by other factor(s). The first option is more dangerous but less likely. Dangerous because many users could be in danger of developing glioma but less likely because RF has low energy. The second option is less dangerous and more likely. Less dangerous because RF would only assist in developing of the glioma caused by other factors. Glioma is a rare disease so, there would be not so many persons that would develop glioma with the help of RF exposure. This option is for me more likely because RF has been shown to activate various cellular signaling pathways able to assist in development of cancer. I explained this, to some degree, in my article in The Conversation UK.  Replication of the NTP study is needed with new settings to examine the origins of glioma.

The other issue is observation of a plethora of statistically significant and non-significant effects such as decline in body weight or benign tumors. While these effects are not immediately life threatening, occurrence of these effects clearly demonstrates that the normal metabolism of animals was altered by the RF exposures, leading to lesser weight and benign tumors. We do not know what mechanisms underlie these effects and we need urgent research to find out. Summa summarum, these non-lethal effects show destabilization of normal metabolism in exposed animals.

Finally, the important issue is observation of an increased levels of damaged DNA in some tissues and organs. Is RF responsible for the damage or is RF inhibiting DNA repair mechanisms? What happens with the damaged DNA – will it be repaired or will it persist in next cell generations? Is similar increase in damaged DNA happening in people exposed to cell phones? We need answers to these questions too.

Temperature of animals was in some exposure conditions increasing but no more than 1 deg. C. This is toxicology study and this is understandable side-effect of the over-exposure to RF.  This over-exposure-associated temperature increase might have impact on some of the observed biological effects but, at the same time, such small temperature increase is not known to cause glioma or other cancers.

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