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		<title>Wireless Health &#038; Environmental Safety August 2026 &#8211; EMFSA</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/wireless-health-environmental-safety-august-2026-emfsa/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:01:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ANSES]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EHS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Safer Screentime]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31999</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Wireless Health &#38; Environmental Safety August 2026 &#8211; EMFSA Wireless Health &#38; Environmental Safety continues to be an important focus of our work at EMFSA. Our August 2026 edition highlights practical resources and significant new developments in environmental and health research, including a major French research call that specifically includes electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), alongside new [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/wireless-health-environmental-safety-august-2026-emfsa/">Wireless Health &amp; Environmental Safety August 2026 &#8211; EMFSA</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Wireless Health &amp; Environmental Safety August 2026 &#8211; EMFSA</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Wireless Health &amp; Environmental Safety continues to be an important focus of our work at EMFSA. Our August 2026 edition highlights practical resources and significant new developments in environmental and health research, including a major French research call that specifically includes electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), alongside new research on nuclear power and cancer, military aviation and cancer, surveillance-related anxiety, and directed energy weapons<strong>.&nbsp;</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Published by EMFSA | 31st August 2026<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Safer Screentime Course</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Our Finnish and US colleagues have developed the <a href="https://www.saferscreentime.org">Safer Screentime</a> e-learning course — practical training on safer use of wireless technology in homes, workplaces, schools and other public buildings. </p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="185" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Safer-Screentime-Logo-White-Transparent-1024x185.png" alt="Safer Screentime e-learning course for Wireless Health &amp; Environmental Safety" class="wp-image-31998" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Safer-Screentime-Logo-White-Transparent-1024x185.png 1024w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Safer-Screentime-Logo-White-Transparent-300x54.png 300w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Safer-Screentime-Logo-White-Transparent-768x139.png 768w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Safer-Screentime-Logo-White-Transparent.png 1366w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">  Image credit <a href="https://www.saferscreentime.org">https://www.saferscreentime.org</a><br></figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>The course covers</strong>:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Ergonomic practices for healthier device habits</li>



<li>Practical tips for using different mobile and wireless devices more safely</li>



<li>Energy-saving measures to reduce unnecessary energy consumption</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Cost</strong>: ~ US$15</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Duration</strong>: Approximately 1 hour</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Certificate</strong>: Certificate of completion included</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Nuclear Power Plants</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Nuclear energy is surging—but should potential health impacts be watched more closely?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Two US studies found positive associations between proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer. Another study, using measured ambient radiation, found no statistically significant association.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So, are the findings contradictory?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">How much do measurement methods matter when assessing radiation exposure risks? What do the latest peer-reviewed studies from 2025–2026 actually tell us about the epidemiological evidence?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">ANSES 2026 Research Call on Radiofrequencies and Health</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES) has launched a 2026 research programme specifically addressing radiofrequencies and health—with one area dedicated to Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity / Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Why does a dedicated research call matter for those experiencing Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity / Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance?</li>



<li>What questions should researchers prioritize when studying the physiological effects of wireless radiation?</li>



<li>How might findings from this research contribute to future expert assessments and policy decisions?</li>



<li>What does the inclusion of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity / Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance as a distinct research area signal about current scientific understanding?</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Military Aviators, Cancer and Non-Ionizing Radiation</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A new study by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine—the Aviator Cancer Examination Study (ACES)—is examining whether military aviation exposures may be associated with cancer among U.S. veterans who served as fixed-wing aircrew from 1990 onward. Earlier Department of Defense research found higher incidence of several cancers, including melanoma, thyroid and prostate cancers.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Non-ionizing radiation is one of the exposure considerations relevant to this investigation.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>What role does non-ionizing radiation play in understanding cancer risks among military aircrew?</li>



<li>How will the ACES study characterize exposures related to frequencies and electromagnetic fields?</li>



<li>What do earlier findings on higher cancer incidence among military aviators tell us about potential occupational hazards?</li>



<li>Why is radiofrequency and radar exposure an important factor&nbsp;to track in ongoing investigations?</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Feared Surveillance: Paranoia or a Reality?</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A recent article published by MDLinx examines how concerns about surveillance—including the use of Flock cameras—may contribute to anxiety and hypervigilance, and argues that clinicians should not automatically dismiss such concerns as paranoia.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Read the full article: <a href="https://www.mdlinx.com/article/flock-cameras-are-fueling-surveillance-anxiety-and-complicating-psychiatric-care/7EThzSKy0OJIlY6ZnFhzbm">https://www.mdlinx.com/article/flock-cameras-are-fueling-surveillance-anxiety-and-complicating-psychiatric-care/7EThzSKy0OJIlY6ZnFhzbm</a></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Directed Energy Weapons and Military Health: What Does the Evidence Show?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A new scoping review examines the medical challenges associated with directed energy weapons (DEWs) in military settings. The review looks at limited published evidence on injuries from high-energy lasers and high-power microwave systems, including burns, eye injuries, and damage to deeper tissues that may not be immediately visible.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reference</strong>: McNairn J, Blaskovits F, St Onge M, Coleby J, Khan A, Dhillon P. Unveiling the spectrum: Understanding directed energy weapon injuries and military health care implications. J Mil Veteran Fam Health. 2026;12(2):89–100. Published 27 March 2026.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Open access: <a href="https://utppublishing.com/doi/10.3138/jmvfh-2025-0041">https://utppublishing.com/doi/10.3138/jmvfh-2025-0041</a></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>What medical challenges arise for military health care providers dealing with directed energy weapon injuries?</li>



<li>How might clinical guidance evolve as directed energy technologies become more widespread in military settings?</li>



<li>What does the current evidence suggest about potential injuries—and what gaps remain in our understanding?</li>



<li>How do researchers balance publicly available information with the limitations of accessing classified military data?</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Each of these topics has more to unpack—read the full versions in our</strong> <a href="https://mailchi.mp/emfsa/emfsa-august-2026-newsletter"><strong>August 2026 newsletter.</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We greatly appreciate your interest in the work we share and, equally, the comments, questions and insights you contribute.<br><br>Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA)<br><a href="http://www.emfsa.co.za/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.emfsa.co.za</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Contact us at&nbsp;<a href="https://us.list-manage.com/11QldFZnlKp?e=04e875f8a8&amp;c2id=2d5440215a07c90317ad8f8715f1ce8e" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.emfsa.co.za/contact/</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="595" height="209" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1.jpg" alt="Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA) logo in white and green letters on a background depicting telecommunication systems" class="wp-image-31211" style="width:331px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1.jpg 595w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1-300x105.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA) logo</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><br></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/wireless-health-environmental-safety-august-2026-emfsa/">Wireless Health &amp; Environmental Safety August 2026 &#8211; EMFSA</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/nuclear-power-plants-and-cancer/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 08:35:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research and Studies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ionizing radiation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear Power Plants]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31856</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer Published by EMFSA &#124; 26th August 2026 The relationship between nuclear power plants and cancer remains an important question in environmental health research.&#160; Historical nuclear incidents continue to shape public concern, while research into possible health effects associated with low-level radiation exposure around nuclear facilities faces substantial methodological challenges, including [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/nuclear-power-plants-and-cancer/">Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer</strong></h1>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-1024x1024.jpg" alt="Radioactive hazard symbol representing nuclear power plants and cancer research" class="wp-image-31855" style="width:189px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-768x768.jpg 768w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/design-nation-etq55JWzX_k-unsplash-2048x2048.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Radioactive hazard symbol illustrating the connection between nuclear power and cancer research. Illustration from Unsplash.*</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Published by EMFSA | 26th August 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The relationship between nuclear power plants and cancer remains an important question in environmental health research.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Historical nuclear incidents continue to shape public concern, while research into possible health effects associated with low-level radiation exposure around nuclear facilities faces substantial methodological challenges, including long latency periods for some cancers, exposure misclassification, confounding, ecological-study limitations and limited statistical power to detect associations for less common cancers.  <br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Continued health surveillance around nuclear facilities remains important, particularly as interest in nuclear energy grows. This post examines three recent peer-reviewed studies investigating cancer outcomes in relation to nuclear power facilities, focusing on their study designs, findings and limitations.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Three Studies at a Glance</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Researchers measured external ambient radiation around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant and examined cancer mortality in Haiyan County. The study found no statistically significant association between nuclear plant operation, environmental radiation levels and cancer mortality within its study framework.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>National US Study</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Researchers examined cancer mortality across US counties from 2000–2018 using geographic proximity to multiple nuclear power plants as a proxy for exposure. The study reported positive associations between proximity and cancer mortality, particularly among older adults.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Massachusetts Study</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Researchers examined cancer incidence across Massachusetts ZIP codes from 2000–2018, again using geographic proximity to nuclear facilities as a proxy for exposure. The study reported positive associations between proximity and cancer incidence, particularly among older adults.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>The key distinction:</strong> The Qinshan study measured external ambient radiation, whereas the two US studies used geographic proximity as an exposure proxy.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Living closer to a nuclear power plant does not necessarily mean receiving a higher radiation dose.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Study 1: Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China</strong></h3>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Study Design</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers conducted an ecological and descriptive study of external ambient radiation around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) Phase I from 2010–2023. They compared the period before the Phase I project&#8217;s service extension (2010–2021) with the post-extension period (2022–2023).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">They also examined cancer mortality among residents of Haiyan County from 2012–2022.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The study used data from 30 ambient radiation monitoring stations and included age-specific dose and risk calculations based on population-derived occupancy factors.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Authors&#8217; Conclusion</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors found no statistically significant association between the service-extension period and cancer mortality trends, while reported ambient radiation remained at background levels. <br><br>Importantly, the authors frame this as an absence of a detectable association within the study&#8217;s framework, rather than definitive evidence that nuclear plant operation cannot have biological effects. They recommend continued long-term monitoring.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key Limitations</strong></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Ecological design:</strong> The analysis was conducted at the population level and cannot establish a causal relationship between radiation exposure and individual cancer outcomes.</li>



<li><strong>External exposure only:</strong> Internal exposure pathways, including ingestion or inhalation of radionuclides, were not assessed.</li>



<li><strong>Limited statistical power:</strong> The relatively small number of deaths from some specific cancers, particularly leukemia and thyroid cancer, limits the study’s ability to detect modest associations.</li>



<li><strong>Short post-extension follow-up:</strong> The 2022–2023 period is much shorter than the latency period associated with many radiation-related cancers.</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What This Study Adds</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The study provides data spanning the period before and after the Phase I project&#8217;s service extension and adds to the relatively limited epidemiological literature examining low-dose radiation around operating nuclear facilities. It also provides baseline data for future monitoring and comparative studies.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers reported that ambient radiation remained at background levels, while estimated annual effective doses and excess risks remained below applicable standard limits.&nbsp;<br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Source:</strong> Li Y, Cao Y, Zhang X, et al. <em>External ambient radiation exposure and cancer mortality trends around Qinshan nuclear power plant phase I: long-term study before and after service extension.</em> Frontiers in Public Health. 2026;14:1780605. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1780605. <a href="https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42180486#free-full-text"><strong>Full article</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Two US Studies: A Different Approach</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The two recent US studies examined cancer outcomes in relation to geographic proximity to nuclear power plants rather than measuring environmental radiation directly.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This difference is important.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Qinshan researchers used physical monitoring stations to measure external ambient radiation around a specific facility. By contrast, the US studies estimated proximity using the distance between population locations and nuclear facilities.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Because individual radiation doses were not available in these datasets, proximity provided a practical way to investigate whether cancer patterns varied geographically in relation to nuclear facilities.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A proximity measure is therefore an indirect exposure proxy, not a measurement of individual radiation dose. Actual radiation exposure can depend on factors such as radioactive releases, environmental transport, meteorological conditions, exposure pathways and individual behaviour. Because the US studies did not measure radiation releases or individual radiation doses, they cannot establish that differences in proximity corresponded to differences in actual radiation exposure.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The US studies also differed from Qinshan in scale. The national study examined cancer mortality across US counties, while the Massachusetts study examined cancer incidence at the finer ZIP-code level.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These differences mean the studies should not simply be viewed as contradictory. They investigated different populations and outcomes and used fundamentally different approaches to exposure assessment.</p>



<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Study 2: National US Cancer Mortality Study</strong></h1>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Study Design</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers conducted an observational ecological study examining the relationship between long-term proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer mortality across US counties from 2000–2018.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Cancer mortality was analyzed across six adult age groups, separately for males and females.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Proximity estimation used a continuous inverse-distance-weighted metric. It incorporated operational nuclear power plants within 200 km of each county centre.&nbsp;<br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A 10-year average proximity measure was used to characterize longer-term proximity to nuclear power plants, reflecting the study’s consideration of long-term exposure patterns.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The analysis adjusted for a range of county-level socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral, environmental and healthcare factors.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Authors&#8217; Conclusion</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors reported that counties closer to operational nuclear power plants had higher cancer mortality rates.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Figure 4 showed the highest model-estimated relative risks at the shortest equivalent plant distances.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors describe these findings as a spatial association rather than proof of causation and call for further research into potential exposure pathways, cancer latency and cancer-specific risks.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key Limitations</strong></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>County-level exposure and residential mobility</strong>: Proximity was calculated using county centres and therefore cannot capture where individuals actually lived within a county. The study also did not incorporate individual residential histories, so proximity estimates may not reflect where people lived throughout the study period, potentially leading to exposure misclassification.</li>



<li><strong>Proximity is only a proxy:</strong> The study did not measure individual radiation doses or establish that people living closer to plants received greater radiation exposure.</li>



<li><strong>Aggregate cancer outcome:</strong> The primary outcome was mortality from all malignant cancers combined rather than cancer-specific mortality.</li>



<li><strong>Residual confounding:</strong> Although the analysis adjusted for numerous county-level factors, ecological studies cannot account for every individual-level factor that may influence cancer risk.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>What This Study Adds</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The study provides national-scale data over 19 years and uses a continuous proximity metric rather than a simple near/far classification. It also incorporates proximity to multiple nuclear power plants and uses a 10-year average measure to examine longer-term proximity patterns.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The observed associations provide a basis for further investigation into potential exposure pathways, cancer-specific risks and latency.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">An Author Correction to this article was published on 13 April 2026, and the article has been updated accordingly.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Source:</strong> Alwadi Y, Alahmad B, Vieira CLZ, et al. <em>National analysis of cancer mortality and proximity to nuclear power plants in the United States.</em> Nature Communications. 2026;17:1560. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-69285-4. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-69285-4"><strong>Full article</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Study 3: Cancer Incidence in Massachusetts</strong></h3>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Study Design</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers examined cancer incidence across Massachusetts ZIP codes from 2000–2018 using data from the Massachusetts Cancer Registry.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">They used two analytical approaches: longitudinal generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson regression for all cancers combined and cross-sectional log-linear Poisson regression for site-specific cancers.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Proximity was estimated using a cumulative inverse-distance-weighted metric incorporating seven nuclear facilities within 120 km.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The analysis incorporated demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and healthcare covariates, including PM2.5, and was stratified by sex and four age groups: 45–54, 55–64, 65–74 and 75+.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Authors&#8217; Conclusion</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors reported positive associations between residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in Massachusetts, particularly among older adults.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">They reported significant positive associations for all cancers combined among people aged 55 and older in both sexes. Relative risks declined with increasing distance and became negligible beyond approximately 25 km.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors also reported associations involving several specific cancer types, including lung, prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder, melanoma, leukemia, thyroid, uterine, kidney, laryngeal, pancreatic, oral and esophageal cancers, as well as Hodgkin lymphoma.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers estimated that 20,618 cancer cases could be attributable to proximity under their model assumptions, including 10,815 among females and 9,803 among males. Estimated attributable fractions reached up to 6.3% among females aged 75+.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These attributable estimates require an important qualification: they are model-derived estimates based on the assumption that the observed associations are causal. They should not be interpreted as numbers of cancer cases proven to have been caused by nuclear power plant exposure.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key Limitations</strong></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Ecological design:</strong> ZIP codes provide finer spatial resolution than counties, but the analysis still cannot determine individual exposure. This creates the potential for ecological fallacy: associations observed at the ZIP-code level cannot necessarily be assumed to apply to individuals.</li>



<li><strong>Proximity as an exposure proxy:</strong> The study did not measure individual radiation doses.</li>



<li><strong>Residential mobility</strong>: The study did not incorporate individual residential histories, so ZIP-code proximity may not accurately represent where individuals lived throughout the study period, potentially leading to exposure misclassification.</li>



<li><strong>Residual confounding:</strong> Adjustment for numerous demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and healthcare variables cannot eliminate the possibility that unmeasured factors influenced the results.</li>



<li><strong>Cancer-specific interpretation:</strong> Different cancers have different latency periods and radiation sensitivities, complicating interpretation of both pooled and site-specific associations.</li>



<li><strong>Childhood cancers:</strong> Sparse data prevented meaningful analysis of pediatric outcomes.</li>



<li><strong>Occupational exposure</strong>: The ecological design could not distinguish residents with occupational exposure at nuclear facilities from the broader residential population.</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What This Study Adds</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Massachusetts study provides finer geographic resolution than the national US analysis and examines cancer incidence rather than mortality, capturing newly diagnosed cancers regardless of subsequent survival.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It also uses a continuous inverse-distance-weighted proximity metric&nbsp;and includes sensitivity analyses using alternative distance thresholds and temporal averaging windows. <br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The broadly similar associations reported in this study and the national analysis are noteworthy and merit further investigation.<br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Source:</strong> Alwadi Y, Evans JS, Schwartz J, Vieira CLZ, Christiani DC, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. <em>Residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in Massachusetts, USA (2000–2018).</em> Environmental Health. 2025 Dec 18;24(1):92. DOI: 10.1186/s12940-025-01248-6. PMID: 41408632; PMCID: PMC12713251. <strong><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12713251/">PubMed</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access — licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The Two US Studies: Related but Not Independent Replications</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Massachusetts cancer-incidence study and the national cancer-mortality study are closely connected. Both share lead author Yazan Alwadi and colleagues from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and examine the same broad 2000–2018 period.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">They nevertheless examine different populations and outcomes.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Massachusetts study uses ZIP-code-level cancer incidence and seven nearby nuclear facilities. The national study examines cancer mortality across US counties, providing much broader geographic coverage but at a coarser spatial resolution.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The studies are therefore complementary, but they should not be regarded as independent replications. They share authorship, study period and a similar proximity-based exposure framework.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Their broadly similar associations are noteworthy and merit further investigation, but they do not resolve the central question of causation.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><br>What Can We Conclude From These Studies?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Taken together, these studies illustrate why determining whether nuclear power plants contribute to cancer risk remains scientifically challenging.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Qinshan study used measured external ambient radiation around a single nuclear facility and found no statistically significant association with cancer mortality within its study framework. However, its relatively small population, limited number of cancer deaths and short post-extension follow-up constrain what can be concluded about rare cancers and long-latency effects.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The two US studies examined much larger populations and reported positive associations between geographic proximity to nuclear facilities and cancer mortality or incidence. Their larger datasets provide greater statistical power to detect associations, but their proximity measures did not establish individual radiation exposure. <br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Even within the US studies that reported statistically significant overall associations, some age groups had confidence intervals that included 1.0, indicating that the evidence was not equally strong across all demographic strata. This reinforces why the overall findings should be interpreted cautiously.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This distinction is critical.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>An association between geographic proximity and cancer does not, by itself, demonstrate that radiation from a nuclear power plant caused the cancer.</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">People living near nuclear facilities may differ from people living farther away in ways that are difficult to fully capture in ecological studies. At the same time, proximity may not accurately represent an individual&#8217;s actual radiation exposure.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The evidence therefore does not provide a simple yes-or-no answer.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Qinshan study does not establish that nuclear power plant operation cannot be associated with cancer risk. Conversely, the US studies do not establish that proximity to nuclear power plants causes cancer.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What they do provide are different pieces of epidemiological evidence: one study based on measured external ambient radiation around a single facility, and two large US studies based on geographic proximity as an exposure proxy.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What Would Strengthen the Evidence?</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Research that could substantially strengthen the evidence would involve independent studies with larger populations, individual residential histories, cancer-specific analyses, measured or modelled radiation doses, assessment of relevant exposure pathways and appropriate consideration of cancer latency.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Such research would help determine whether the geographic associations reported in the US studies correspond to differences in actual radiation exposure—and whether those differences could plausibly explain the observed cancer patterns.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For now, the most defensible conclusion is that <strong>the studies identify associations that warrant further investigation, but they do not establish that radiation from nuclear power plants caused the observed cancers.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations/radioactive-hazard-symbol-on-a-gray-background-etq55JWzX_k?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Illustration</a> by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@design_nation/illustrations?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Design Nation</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/illustrations?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>&nbsp;<br></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/nuclear-power-plants-and-cancer/">Nuclear Power Plants and Cancer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>Swiss Study on 5G Adolescent RF Exposure</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/swiss-study-5g-adolescent-rf-exposure/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 08:09:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Research and Studies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[5G new radio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electromagnetic Field]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Microenvironment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Personal Exposure]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31772</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Swiss Study on 5G Adolescent RF Exposure EMFSA 14th August 2026 This article presents our interpretation of the Jalilian et al. study published in Environmental Research (2026). We aim to summarise the findings accurately while highlighting important methodological caveats that may not be immediately apparent from reading the original paper. What Was Measured? The Swiss [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/swiss-study-5g-adolescent-rf-exposure/">Swiss Study on 5G Adolescent RF Exposure</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">Swiss Study on 5G Adolescent RF Exposure</h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">EMFSA 14th August 2026</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="242" height="324" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/stock-illustration-adolescents-smartphones-faces-obscured.jpg.jpg" alt="Adolescents using smartphones on sofa; faces obscured with white ovals for privacy." class="wp-image-31798" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/stock-illustration-adolescents-smartphones-faces-obscured.jpg.jpg 242w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/stock-illustration-adolescents-smartphones-faces-obscured.jpg-224x300.jpg 224w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">5G Adolescent RF Exposure. Original photo: Lesli Whitecotton/Unsplash. Faces obscured for privacy.
<br></figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This article presents our interpretation of the Jalilian et al. study published in Environmental Research (2026). We aim to summarise the findings accurately while highlighting important methodological caveats that may not be immediately apparent from reading the original paper.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What Was Measured?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Swiss Study on 5G Adolescent RF Exposure—led by Jalilian et al.—measured personal RF-EMF exposure in 143 Swiss adolescents (mean age 13.5 years) during approximately 72-hour periods between June 2023 and January 2025.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Participants carried an ExpoM-RF4 exposimeter measuring 35 frequency bands from 80 MHz–6 GHz, including mobile-network signals, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, broadcast and DECT.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Key Findings</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Main exposure levels:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>24-hour mean exposure: 0.09 mW/m²</li>



<li>Peak exposure time: Afternoon (0.12 mW/m²)</li>



<li>Lowest exposure time: Night (0.06 mW/m²)</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Source contributions to total exposure:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Wi-Fi/Bluetooth: 35% (largest contributor)</li>



<li>Broadcast (FM/DAB): 31%</li>



<li>Mobile uplink: 19%</li>



<li>Mobile downlink: 10%</li>



<li>TDD bands (used as an indicator of 5G-related exposure): 4%</li>



<li>DECT: 0.7%</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Average exposure by environment:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Transport systems: 0.47 mW/m² (highest)</li>



<li>Outdoor: 0.27 mW/m²</li>



<li>School: 0.08 mW/m²</li>



<li>Home: 0.07 mW/m² (lowest)</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What Does This Tell Us About 5G?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">According to the authors, despite widespread 5G deployment in Switzerland (~99% population coverage by 2025), overall personal exposure among adolescents remains similar to pre-5G levels.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The TDD bands used by the authors as an indicator of 5G-related exposure averaged only 0.003 mW/m².</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But there&#8217;s an important caveat. The authors explicitly acknowledge that the study cannot provide a causal estimate of the independent effect of 5G deployment. In short, this study shows exposure levels after 5G rollout, not what 5G caused.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Why Was Transport Exposure Highest?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Transport systems showed the highest average RF-EMF exposure at 0.47 mW/m², compared with 0.08 mW/m² at school and 0.07 mW/m² at home.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Several factors may help explain the higher measurements:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Mobile-network activity:</strong> Uplink, downlink and TDD exposure were substantially higher in transport.</li>



<li><strong>Network characteristics:</strong> The authors suggest that differences between environments may reflect network density and infrastructure.</li>



<li><strong>User activity:</strong> Greater mobile-phone use and the presence of multiple active devices may contribute to higher uplink exposure.</li>



<li><strong>Train environments:</strong> Mean exposure in trains reached up to 0.89 mW/m², the highest value reported for a specific transport setting.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors suggest that network characteristics and user behaviour may both contribute to the elevated transport exposure. However, as discussed in the Important Limitations section below, the measurements cannot determine precisely how much originated from passengers’ phones versus network infrastructure.&nbsp;<br></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Important Limitations</h3>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Near-body exposure may be underestimated</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The exposimeter does not capture total RF-EMF exposure from all sources. The authors explain that personal exposimeters have reduced ability to measure signals from sources very close to the body, particularly the participant&#8217;s own mobile phone and other wireless personal devices. Consequently, the measurements primarily characterise environmental RF-EMF exposure rather than total exposure from all sources. Exposure from devices operating close to the body is therefore likely to be underestimated.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5G-user classification did not confirm actual 5G use</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The study classified participants as potential 5G-users if they had both a 5G-compatible smartphone and an active 5G subscription. This classification identified eligibility to use 5G, but did not confirm that a participant&#8217;s own phone actually connected to or transmitted on a 5G network during the measurement period.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Participants&#8217; own smartphones were not reported as restricted</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers provided a separate Android smartphone for the electronic diary and kept that device in flight mode. However, the paper does not report that they required participants to switch off, disable, or otherwise restrict their own smartphones or other personal wireless devices during the measurement period. This distinction matters because the exposimeter may underestimate exposure from devices operating close to the body, including participants&#8217; own phones.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Additional methodological considerations:</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The study applied corrections for charging effects, crosstalk and an anomalously high Wi-Fi measurement. Charging-effect correction reduced mean FM exposure by approximately 82% and DAB exposure by 61%.&nbsp;The correction reduced overall mean Wi-Fi exposure by approximately 45%, largely because one participant had an unusually high Wi-Fi measurement.</li>



<li>A single ExpoM-RF4 measurement has an uncertainty of ±34.1%; averaging multiple measurements reduces this uncertainty.</li>



<li>Only 143 participants from German-speaking Switzerland</li>



<li>The study used TDD bands as an indicator of 5G-related exposure, but this approach does not capture all possible 5G exposure.</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Does This Establish Safety?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">No. This is an exposure-characterisation study, not a health-effects study. It was not designed to determine whether RF-EMF causes disease or to establish a biological threshold. The authors note that measured levels fell below current ICNIRP guideline values, but the study was not designed to draw conclusions about health risks. &#8220;Below guideline limits&#8221; should not be rewritten as proof that there is no health risk.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A separate 2026 Swiss study examined ambient RF-EMF exposure during the 5G rollout. It found that overall median RF-EMF levels remained broadly stable or increased only slightly between 2021/22 and 2023/24, while median TDD exposure, associated with 5G, increased from virtually zero to 0.04 V/m. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: Loizeau, N., Haas, D., Zahner, M.&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>&nbsp;Spatiotemporal trends of ambient radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) during the 5G rollout in Switzerland.&nbsp;<em>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</em>&nbsp;(2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-026-00909-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-026-00909-z</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These findings provide useful context for interpreting the present study:although overall ambient RF-EMF levels did not substantially increase, TDD exposure related to 5G did increase. This reinforces the importance of distinguishing between overall RF-EMF exposure and exposure specifically associated with 5G.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Bottom Line</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The data from this useful and reasonably well-designed exposure-monitoring study support its central finding: environmental RF-EMF exposure among these adolescents was broadly comparable with earlier pre-5G HERMES measurements. But it cannot establish that 5G has not increased RF exposure generally, cannot quantify total individual RF exposure, and cannot demonstrate that the measured exposure levels are biologically or medically harmless.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The dominance of WiFi/BT and uplink signals highlights the contribution of personal device use to overall measured RF-EMF exposure.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: Jalilian H, Jaki Waibl V, Wipf I, et al. Personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure among Swiss adolescents in the 5G era. Environmental Research, 2026, 304: 124775. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.124775 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124775" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124775</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 License (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>).&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*Edited Unsplash photograph (original by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@lnicolern?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Lesli Whitecotton</a> on<a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/a-man-sitting-on-a-couch-next-to-another-man-holding-a-cell-phone-uIrWmpD6pxw?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText"> Unsplash</a>). Faces intentionally obscured to protect subject privacy. Used for illustrative purposes only; the individuals depicted are not study participants in the Jalilian et al. (2026) study.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><br></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><br></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/swiss-study-5g-adolescent-rf-exposure/">Swiss Study on 5G Adolescent RF Exposure</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-environmental-health-update-july-2026/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2026 20:51:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data Centres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electricity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Precautionary Principle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31738</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026 The EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026 brings together research, regulation, and reporting across electromagnetic fields, climate, and public health. From electrical safety hazards facing children to Italian court rulings on the precautionary principle, this edition covers a wide range of topics relevant to environmental health in South Africa [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-environmental-health-update-july-2026/">EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026</h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026 brings together research, regulation, and reporting across electromagnetic fields, climate, and public health. From electrical safety hazards facing children to Italian court rulings on the precautionary principle, this edition covers a wide range of topics relevant to environmental health in South Africa and beyond.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/zetong-li-9JS7QMaC_Mo-unsplash-3-1024x768.jpg" alt="EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026 — aerial city view illustrating urban environmental health monitoring across EMF, climate and public health intersections" class="wp-image-31735" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333591511114553;width:492px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/zetong-li-9JS7QMaC_Mo-unsplash-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/zetong-li-9JS7QMaC_Mo-unsplash-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/zetong-li-9JS7QMaC_Mo-unsplash-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/zetong-li-9JS7QMaC_Mo-unsplash-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/zetong-li-9JS7QMaC_Mo-unsplash-3-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Global urban environments face shared EMF and environmental health challenges. EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026 explores these interconnected issues. *</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Published by EMFSA | 1st August 2026</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Children and Electrical Safety</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Our lead story examines electrical hazards facing children that extend far beyond wall sockets. From button batteries in greeting cards to lithium-ion fires in e-scooters, the risks span everyday products, wearable tech, and viral social media trends. This article synthesizes recent medical case reports, regulatory updates, and safety guidance — from water safety to e-bikes, LED illumination, and social media challenges.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Mobile Network Exposure Follows Human Activity</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A new study tracking RF-EMF exposure across ten European countries found that mobile network radiation rises and falls in lockstep with human activity. Nighttime levels dropped by up to 48% compared to daytime peaks. Over 17 months of continuous monitoring, researchers documented predictable daily cycles and modest weekend dips. It&#8217;s a reminder that a quick spot measurement can miss the bigger picture. [Read a breakdown of the study.]</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Heat, Climate, and Technology</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This month&#8217;s newsletter explores three interconnected climate stories.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>First: heat domes in the U.S. Midwest are creating atmospheric conditions causing radio, TV, and microwave signals to travel hundreds of miles farther than usual — disrupting communications across the region. </li>



<li>Second: data centres contribute to localized &#8220;data heat islands&#8221; with significant environmental impact, warming land around them by up to 16°F. </li>



<li>Third: extreme heat events are triggering new liability trends in insurance, with engineers potentially facing professional liability claims where infrastructure design proves inadequate.</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Nature, Tranquillity, and Public Health</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Two studies reinforce the importance of considering not only environmental hazards but also the health benefits of restorative environments. A review in Noise &amp; Health proposes tranquillity should be regarded as an environmental determinant of health. Another experimental study found that both restored forest and birdsong promote psychological well-being. These findings have particular relevance for South Africa, where access to safe, well-maintained green spaces remains limited in many townships and underserved communities.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The Precautionary Principle in Consumer Law</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Italy&#8217;s Supreme Court (Court of Cassation) issued a new ruling on manufacturer responsibilities. Manufacturers may now have a duty to warn consumers when scientific uncertainty surrounds potential risks.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The decision shifts focus from proven harm to informed consumer choice. Companies must provide sufficient information even when risks remain unproven.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Importantly, the ruling does not establish that mobile phone RF exposure causes disease. However, it acknowledges that scientific uncertainty does not remove the need for precautionary information where potential risk cannot be excluded.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> Prefer the full newsletter format? Read the complete July 2026 edition here<strong> <a href="https://mailchi.mp/emfsa/emfsa-july-2026-newsletter" data-type="link" data-id="https://mailchi.mp/emfsa/emfsa-july-2026-newsletter">https://mailchi.mp/emfsa/emfsa-july-2026-newsletter</a></strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Credit for the image used in the post above</strong>: <a href="https://unsplash.com/@zetong?utm_source=emfsa.co.za&amp;utm_medium=referral">Zetong Li</a><em> </em>on Unsplash</li>
</ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="595" height="209" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1.jpg" alt="Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA) logo in white and green letters on a background depicting telecommunication systems" class="wp-image-31211" style="aspect-ratio:2.8471028037383177;width:354px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1.jpg 595w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1-300x105.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA) logo</strong></figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-environmental-health-update-july-2026/">EMFSA Environmental Health Update: July 2026</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>Children and Toys</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/children-and-toys/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2026 15:28:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Safety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Batteries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Burns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electrocution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31673</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Children and Toys Children and toys are a natural combination, and mandatory safety standards and regulations are intended to reduce the risk of injury from electric toys and other electrical products for children. However, it is still important for parents and caregivers to understand potential hazards and supervise children appropriately. Published by EMFSA &#124; 30th [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/children-and-toys/">Children and Toys</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Children and Toys</strong> </h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Children and toys are a natural combination, and mandatory safety standards and regulations are intended to reduce the risk of injury from electric toys and other electrical products for children. However, it is still important for parents and caregivers to understand potential hazards and supervise children appropriately.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="272" height="408" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/children-and-toys-parent-supervision.png" alt="Adult male supervising a young boy playing with a colorful electronic robot toy at a wooden table in a kitchen, illustrating parental supervision with electrical toys." class="wp-image-31705" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/children-and-toys-parent-supervision.png 272w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/children-and-toys-parent-supervision-200x300.png 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Published by EMFSA | 30th July 2026</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Electrical Safety</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Electrical toys and products powered by batteries or connected to mains electricity might introduce additional hazards that parents and caregivers should understand. These include: </p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Electric shock</li>



<li>Burns</li>



<li>Fire</li>



<li>Short circuits</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Water and Electricity</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Explain to children that water and electricity don’t mix.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Don’t allow children to play with electrical toys near water</li>



<li>Never let children touch buttons, switches, or plugs with wet hands</li>



<li>Never immerse battery-powered toys unless the manufacturer specifically states they are waterproof. (1)</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Electrical Installations</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Electricity pylons, transformer houses, substations and railway electrical infrastructure can present serious hazards. </strong>Children should not play near these structures.</li>



<li><strong>High-voltage and overhead power lines:</strong> Adults and children should avoid flying helium balloons and kites near overhead power lines.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Fatal Electrocution of a Child During Kite Flying: A Case Report</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A 2026 case report described the fatal electrocution of a child during kite flying after the kite string came into contact with an overhead power line. The case illustrates the potentially fatal consequences of flying kites close to electrical infrastructure.&nbsp; (2)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Drones</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Remote-controlled drone:</strong> Remote-controlled drones should be operated in accordance with applicable aviation regulations and kept well away from overhead power lines and substations. (3, 4)</li>



<li><strong>Electric fences:</strong> Electric fences typically deliver brief high-voltage, low-current pulses and are designed not to be life-threatening under normal operating conditions. Nevertheless, children should never be left unattended near them. (4)</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Batteries and Magnets</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Take extra care with toys that contain small batteries (button or lithium coin cells) and small magnets, especially high-powered (rare-earth) magnets. These can become loose and pose a serious hazard to young children. Young children may swallow batteries or magnets, or insert them into their nose or ears. Swallowing powerful magnets can cause serious internal injuries. (5)</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Button Batteries</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Button batteries are a medical emergency if swallowed or inserted into the nose or ear. They can cause serious tissue injury within a short period of time.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Button batteries can be found in small remotes, car key fobs, mini remotes that control MP3 speakers, calculators, bathroom scales, reading lights, flameless candles, talking and singing books, singing greeting cards, watches, thermometers, hearing aids, flashing jewelry, ornaments, games and toys. (6)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In 2022, the U.S. government enacted <strong>Reese&#8217;s Law</strong> to improve child safety regarding button batteries. (7)</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Battery Safety Tips</strong></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Keep spare and used button batteries out of children&#8217;s reach.</li>



<li>Ensure battery compartments are secure and cannot be easily opened by children.</li>



<li>Stop using toys with damaged batteries or battery compartments.</li>



<li>Use only the charger recommended by the manufacturer.</li>



<li>Replace damaged rechargeable batteries promptly.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Lithium-ion Batteries</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In 2025, a medical journal documented the case of a young boy who was burned when a portable lithium-ion charger caught fire in his pocket while he was using his phone. The experience had an impact beyond his physical injuries. The family subsequently changed the way they approached battery safety, and both the child and his parents went on to share their experience to help raise awareness of the potential risks.&nbsp;(8)</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>E-bike and Electric Scooters/bicycles (e-scooters/bikes)</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Canadian Paediatric Society advises that children younger than 16 years should not operate or ride as passengers on e-bikes or e-scooters. The Society states that e-scooters and e-bikes are not toys and were not designed for children.&nbsp; (9)</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Riding Toward Danger: A Scoping Review of Burns Associated With Personal Mobility Devices, Including Electric Bikes (E-Bikes) and Electric Scooters (E-Scooters)</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Burns associated with lithium-ion batteries in personal mobility devices, including e-bikes and e-scooters, are an emerging safety concern. The review highlights the importance of safety education, compliance with applicable regulations and careful use of personal mobility devices, including products involving battery modifications or DIY conversion kits.&nbsp;(10)</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Electric Scooter Battery Detonation: A Case Series And Review Of Literature</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Lithium-ion battery failures can result in intense fires and thermal runaway, which can spread rapidly.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Thermal runaway can result from several failure mechanisms and is not limited to batteries that are actively charging. (11)</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Injuries Associated With Electrical Flash Burns in Children Caused by E-bike Batteries</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A published report describes electrical flash-burn injuries in children associated with e-bike batteries and highlights the importance of recognising this type of injury and providing appropriate safety information to families. (12)</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Hoverboards and Self-balancing Boards&nbsp;</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The batteries in these devices can present a serious fire risk if used, charged or sourced incorrectly. Counterfeit and substandard battery chargers can also pose serious safety hazards.<strong> </strong>(13) </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Heated Clothing</strong></h3>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Full-Thickness Burn Resulting From an E-Sock: A Case Report</strong></h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A published case report described a full-thickness burn associated with a lithium-ion battery-powered heated sock. The case highlights the need for caution when using battery-powered heated clothing and the importance of following manufacturer safety instructions.&nbsp;(14)</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Laser Toys</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A published case series has reported retinal injuries following childhood exposure to laser products marketed as toys, highlighting a potential public-safety concern. (15)</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>LED Toys</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Some children&#8217;s toys—including cuddly toys, dolls, drawing tablets, toy trucks, spinning tops and illuminated board games—contain LEDs. <strong>Children&#8217;s eyes do not yet filter blue light as effectively as adults&#8217; eyes, allowing more blue light to reach the retina.</strong> Some LEDs emit a high proportion of blue light, and ANSES has expressed concern that current toy eye-safety standards may not adequately protect children.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Excessive close-range exposure to high-blue-light-emitting LEDs may pose a risk of retinal photochemical injury and may also affect circadian rhythms and sleep, particularly when used in the evening. (16)</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Social Media Toy Challenges</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Severe pediatric burn injuries following a social media trend involving a microwaved toy: A case report and warning</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A 2026 case report described significant facial burns in a 10-year-old girl following an online activity involving a microwaved frozen stress ball. The authors highlighted the case as an example of the potential for social-media trends to expose children to serious injury risks. (17)</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Additional Resources:&nbsp;</strong></h6>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Toy safety regulations 2026: Key updates for the EU, UK, US, and China</strong> <a href="https://www.eurofins.com/en/consumer-product-testing/softlines-hardlines/news-articles/toy-safety-regulations-2026-key-updates-for-the-eu-uk-us-and-china">https://www.eurofins.com/en/consumer-product-testing/softlines-hardlines/news-articles/toy-safety-regulations-2026-key-updates-for-the-eu-uk-us-and-china</a></h6>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"></h6>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-emfsa wp-block-embed-emfsa"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="gfwN91KARw"><a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/french-agency-anses-press-release-led-recommendations-to-limit-exposure-to-blue-light/">ANSES Press release &#8211; LED</a></blockquote><iframe loading="lazy" class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted"  title="“ANSES Press release – LED” — EMFSA" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/french-agency-anses-press-release-led-recommendations-to-limit-exposure-to-blue-light/embed/#?secret=cQGzf37Bdf#?secret=gfwN91KARw" data-secret="gfwN91KARw" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>
</div></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>References</strong><br></h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[1] ESFI. Electrical Gifts for Children. <a href="https://www.esfi.org/electrical-gifts-for-children/">https://www.esfi.org/electrical-gifts-for-children/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[2] Vadysinghe AN, Seneviratne P, Ekanayake KB, Ekanayake NK, Wickramasinghe CU, Sanjaya B. Fatal Electrocution of a Child During Kite Flying: A Case Report. Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2026 May 28;76(1):76-81. doi:10.4467/16891716AMSIK.26.007.23583. PMID: 42325150. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42325150/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42325150/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[3] National Grid UK. Drone Safety. <a href="https://customer.nationalgrid.co.uk/advice-and-guidance/staying-safe/drone-safety">https://customer.nationalgrid.co.uk/advice-and-guidance/staying-safe/drone-safety</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[4] VDE. Children and Electricity. <a href="https://www.vde.com/topics-en/consumer-protection/children-and-electricity">https://www.vde.com/topics-en/consumer-protection/children-and-electricity</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[5] Montreal Children&#8217;s Hospital. Toy Safety. Trauma Injury Prevention. <a href="https://montrealchildrenshospital.ca/trauma-injury-prevention/toy-safety/">https://montrealchildrenshospital.ca/trauma-injury-prevention/toy-safety/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[6] UCSF Benioff Children&#8217;s Hospitals. The Dangers of Children Swallowing Button Batteries. <a href="https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/education/the-dangers-of-children-swallowing-button-batteries">https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/education/the-dangers-of-children-swallowing-button-batteries</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[7] Steelman SH, Carpenter C, Jordan KS. Button Battery Ingestion: A Tiny Object with the Potential for a Catastrophic Outcome. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 2025;47(2):122–128. doi:10.1097/TME.0000000000000565. Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[8] van de Warenburg MS, Riesmeijer SA, Hummelink S, Ulrich DJO, Vehmeijer-Heeman MLA W. Burn by Battery, the Dangers of Portable Devices – A Case Report. Burns Open. 2025;9(Supplement C):100388. doi:10.1016/j.burnso.2024.100388. Open Access under CC BY 4.0 License</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[9] Canadian Paediatric Society. Electric Scooters and Bikes: Not Safe for Kids. Caring for Kids. Safety and Injury Prevention. <a href="https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/safety-and-injury-prevention/electric-scooters-and-bikes">https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/safety-and-injury-prevention/electric-scooters-and-bikes</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[10] Warner-Levy J, Herieka M, Sheikh Z. Riding Toward Danger: A Scoping Review of Burns Associated With Personal Mobility Devices, Including Electric Bikes (E-Bikes) and Electric Scooters (E-Scooters). Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research. 2024 Sep 6;45(5):1154-1159. doi:10.1093/jbcr/irae115. PMID: 38878005. Open Access under CC BY 4.0 License. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11379144/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11379144/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[11] Hsieh MKH, Lai MC, Sim HSN, Lim X, Fok SFD, Joethy J, Kong TY, Lim GJS. Electric Scooter Battery Detonation: A Case Series and Review of Literature. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters. 2021 Sep 30;34(3):264-276. PMID: 34744543. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8534310/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8534310/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[12] Zhao X, Shen Y. Injuries Associated With Electrical Flash Burns in Children Caused by E-bike Batteries. Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research. 2023;44(2):347–352. doi:10.1093/jbcr/irac072. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[13] Electrical Safety First. Hoverboards and Self-Balancing Boards. <a href="https://www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk/safety-advice/products-and-appliances/transport/hoverboards-and-self-balancing-boards/">https://www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk/safety-advice/products-and-appliances/transport/hoverboards-and-self-balancing-boards/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[14] Greenberg K, Chang KM, Supple MD, Goverman J. Full-thickness Burn Resulting From an E-Sock: A Case Report. Wounds. 2024;36(10):327-330. doi:10.25270/wnds/24024. Copyright © 2024 HMP Global. All Rights Reserved.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[15] Ophthalmology Times. Laser &#8216;Toys&#8217; Can Cause Ocular Damage in Children. <a href="https://www.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/laser-toys-can-cause-ocular-damage-children">https://www.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/laser-toys-can-cause-ocular-damage-children</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[16] ANSES. LEDs in Toys: ANSES Calls for a Revision of the &#8220;Eye Safety&#8221; Section of the European Standard. <a href="https://www.anses.fr/en/content/leds-toys-anses-calls-revision-eye-safety-section-european-standard#">https://www.anses.fr/en/content/leds-toys-anses-calls-revision-eye-safety-section-european-standard#</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">[17] Bonner R, Munro KJ. Severe Pediatric Burn Injuries Following a Social Media Trend Involving a Microwaved Toy: A Case Report and Warning. JPRAS Open. 2026 Mar 26;50:84-90. doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2026.02.017. PMID: 42099753. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13147427/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13147427/</a></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Image credit: Generated with Lumo by Proton</li>
</ul>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><br></h6>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/children-and-toys/">Children and Toys</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Mobile Network Exposure Rises and Falls With Human Activity</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/mobile-network-exposure-human-activity/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 18:49:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Research and Studies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cell Tower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Devices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emissions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mobile phones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monitoring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RF-EMF]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31546</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Mobile Network Exposure Rises and Falls With Human Activity Mobile network exposure measurements across 10 European countries revealed significant daily variation in RF-EMF exposure levels, with nighttime values decreasing by up to 48.4%, reflecting daily patterns in mobile network activity. Published by EMFSA &#124; 19th July 2026 Research Reveals Daily Patterns This finding comes from [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/mobile-network-exposure-human-activity/">Mobile Network Exposure Rises and Falls With Human Activity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">Mobile Network Exposure Rises and Falls With Human Activity</h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Mobile network exposure measurements across 10 European countries revealed significant daily variation in RF-EMF exposure levels, with nighttime values decreasing by up to 48.4%, reflecting daily patterns in mobile network activity. </p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="575" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/charlie-fitzgerald-wrJHm8jhO4E-unsplash-1024x575.jpg" alt="Cell tower silhouetted at sunset representing mobile network exposure that varies with human activity patterns across European countries" class="wp-image-31547" style="aspect-ratio:1.7809580600278274;width:450px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/charlie-fitzgerald-wrJHm8jhO4E-unsplash-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/charlie-fitzgerald-wrJHm8jhO4E-unsplash-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/charlie-fitzgerald-wrJHm8jhO4E-unsplash-768x431.jpg 768w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/charlie-fitzgerald-wrJHm8jhO4E-unsplash-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/charlie-fitzgerald-wrJHm8jhO4E-unsplash-2048x1150.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Silhouette of cellular infrastructure against orange sky—visual reference for environmental RF-EMF exposure monitoring research </figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Published by EMFSA | 19th July 2026</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Research Reveals Daily Patterns</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This finding comes from a pilot study deploying 20 sensors across four frequency bands (806, 942, 1842 and 3625 MHz). These bands were selected  because they were used by mobile operators in all participating countries and span technologies from 2G through 5G.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> The study, published in Science of the Total Environment in July 2026, documents that environmental RF-EMF levels are far from constant, rising and falling in predictable daily cycles that are consistent with changes in mobile network traffic associated with human activity.</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Reference</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Han Van Bladel, Adriana Fernandes Veludo, Nicolas Loizeau, Martin Röösli, Milena Maule, Zsuzsanna Vecsei, Orsolya Molnár, Tanja Vrijkotte, Kinga Polanska, Piotr Politański, Paweł Mamrot, Shanshan Wang, Joe Wiart, James Grellier, Anastasiia Kovalenko, Paige M. Hulls, Frank De Vocht, Nina Vaupotiĉ, Mònica Guxens, Wout Joseph, Temporal 2G–5G RF-EMF exposure assessment in ten European countries during one year, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 1047, 2026, 182037, ISSN 0048-9697</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182037"><strong>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182037</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> <strong>(<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969726007023">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969726007023</a></strong>)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">License: CC BY 4.0 (Open Access)<br>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182037">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182037</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Read the full paper free at ScienceDirect under CC BY 4.0 license.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This summary was prepared from an open access publication licensed under  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You may freely  share and adapt this material with proper attribution to the original  authors and journal. For full technical details, figures, and data tables, please consult the original peer-reviewed article.</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">What the Researchers Did</h6>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Countries Monitored: 10 European nations (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom)</li>



<li>Sensors Deployed: 20 installed, 1 failed (France — RF013 all N/A)</li>



<li>Duration: ~17 months (1 July 2024 to 31 December 2025)</li>



<li>Data Points: 1 measurement per second per sensor per frequency band</li>
</ul>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Key Findings</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">1. <strong>Clear Daily Patterns</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">All frequency bands showed consistent daily cycles tied to human activity. The observed temporal patterns are consistent with changes in network traffic associated with daily human activity, including lower overnight mobile network traffic and increasing exposure levels as daytime activity resumes.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Notably, the highest day-night contrasts occurred in the 806 MHz and 1842 MHz bands, where nighttime values decreased by 35.1% and 48.4% respectively compared to daytime values. </li>



<li>Daily minima consistently occurred around 04:00 across all four frequency bands. Smaller day-night contrasts were observed for 942 MHz (11.9%) and 3625 MHz (12.1%).</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2.<strong> Small Weekend Effects</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Levels were generally lower on weekends, although the effect was much weaker than the daily cycle.</li>



<li>The most pronounced weekday–weekend contrast was 16.6% for the 1842 MHz band.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">3. <strong>High-Frequency Band Variability</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Higher-frequency bands showed greater temporal variability. The 3625 MHz band showed:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The highest measured electric field strengths among the monitored bands.</li>



<li>Broad temporal variability (median R-factor of 0.45; note: 1842 MHz had a similar median R-factor of 0.43)</li>



<li>Peak measurements up to 10.2 V/m</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The researchers observed no monotonic long-term increase or decrease over the study period.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> What are some of the factors that influence human exposure to RF radiation?</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Network traffic demand</li>



<li>Base station (BS) configuration</li>



<li>Propagation conditions</li>



<li>Building characteristics</li>



<li>The geometric relationships between the user, the device, and the base station</li>



<li>User behaviours</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Importantly, the authors state that assessing RF exposure among the general population requires measurement strategies that capture both spatial variability (differences across locations) and long-term temporal dynamics (changes over time).</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Important Limitations</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Readers should note several constraints in this study:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Limited sensors per country</strong>: Only 2 sensors per nation—not nationally representative.</li>



<li><strong>Data loss</strong>: One sensor (France) experienced complete failure and was excluded from analysis.</li>



<li><strong>Geographic scope</strong>: European countries only; no data from Africa, the Americas, Asia, or lower-income nations.</li>



<li><strong>Frequency coverage</strong>: Only 4 bands monitored; many countries use additional frequencies simultaneously (e.g., 2100 MHz, 2600 MHz); therefore, these four bands do not represent total RF-EMF exposure. </li>



<li><strong>Uniaxial sensors</strong>: The sensors use uniaxial antennas, which provide valuable relative and temporal data but lead to an underestimation of absolute E-field values.</li>



<li><strong>Environment type</strong>: Home, office and outdoor environments showed some visual differences, but these differences were not statistically significant within this dataset. The authors recommend further investigation.</li>



<li><strong>Confidential data</strong>: The underlying raw dataset and precise deployment information were not made publicly available, limiting independent reanalysis.</li>
</ul>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Why These Findings Are Relevant</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The following section is an editorial commentary by EMFSA and represents our interpretation of the study&#8217;s significance. It does not represent findings or statements from the original authors. The observations below are editorial interpretations and hypotheses rather than conclusions established by the study.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>General Public</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>In the European countries included in the study, mobile network exposure varies predictably throughout the day.</li>



<li>Levels generally decrease overnight and, to a lesser extent, during weekends.</li>



<li>Many factors influence human exposure to RF radiation.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Regulators and Policymakers</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Continuous monitoring networks are technically feasible at scale.</li>



<li>Short-term spot measurements miss important temporal dynamics.</li>



<li>Future assessments should track both spatial and temporal variations.</li>



<li>This pilot study supports further evaluation and development of long-term fixed RF-EMF monitoring networks.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Researchers</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Provides a methodological foundation for future larger-scale, multi-country RF-EMF monitoring studies.</li>



<li>Provides baseline data for epidemiological health research.</li>



<li>Proposes next-gen sensors with modular design to expand frequency coverage beyond 4 bands.</li>



<li>Highlights need for open data policies in environmental monitoring.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Global Context</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">While the physics of radio-wave propagation are universal, observed exposure patterns may differ because of network deployment, spectrum allocation, population behaviour and regulatory environments. This study was conducted exclusively in Europe with modern infrastructure. How might results differ in other contexts?</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Rural deployment patterns and lower network densities could produce different temporal exposure profiles.</li>



<li>Different network architectures and deployment strategies could influence temporal exposure patterns.&nbsp;</li>



<li>Different regulatory frameworks and enforcement vary worldwide.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This gap highlights why global diversity in environmental monitoring matters.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Related:<strong><a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/legal-accountability-of-a-guideline-versus-a-standard/"> Legal Accountability of a Guideline versus a Standard </a><br></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*Photo by Charlie Fitzgerald on Unsplash</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><br></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/mobile-network-exposure-human-activity/">Mobile Network Exposure Rises and Falls With Human Activity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>EMFSA June 2026 EMF Research Report</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-june-2026-emf-research-report/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 12:38:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data Centres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fertility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RF-EMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SAA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31513</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) &#8211; what is it? EMFSA June 2026 EMF Research Report Topics United States Maine  Maine would have been the first US state to introduce a moratorium on the construction of large data centres but the bill was vetoed by the governor. New York On 4 June 2026, the New York [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-june-2026-emf-research-report/">EMFSA June 2026 EMF Research Report</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) &#8211; what is it?</h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">EMFSA June 2026 EMF Research Report Topics</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and why it matters for South Africa.</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>An article “<em>5G Specters: Three Disclosures from the Otherworld</em>” by Brett Mommersteeg and Nona Schulte-Römer Reference: Mommersteeg, B., &amp; Schulte-Römer, N. (2025). 5G Specters: Three Disclosures from the Otherworld. Social Analysis, 69(4), 23–48. <br><a href="https://us.list-manage.com/vOLaYwcFzyn?e=04e875f8a8&amp;c2id=2d5440215a07c90317ad8f8715f1ce8e"><strong>https://doi.org/10.3167/sa.2025.690402</strong></a><br></li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>A recent study investigating  radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure across New York City.<strong> </strong>Reference: Arno Thielens, Salvatore Davi, Sassama Hema, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, Urban radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure in New York City, Environmental Research, Volume 306, Part 1, 2026, 125040. <a href="https://us.list-manage.com/10ZvPA09G1y?e=04e875f8a8&amp;c2id=2d5440215a07c90317ad8f8715f1ce8e"><strong>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.125040</strong></a></li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>D<strong>ata Centres</strong></li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>United States</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Maine </strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Maine</strong> would have been the first US state to introduce a moratorium on the construction of large data centres but the bill was vetoed by the governor.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>New York</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">On 4 June 2026, the <strong>New York Legislature </strong>passed the Responsible Data Center Development Act (A11560/S10642). Will it become law?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>South Africa</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">What are the approval processes for data centres in South Africa?</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Fertility</strong></li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Multiple modern environmental exposures—including <strong>RF-EMF</strong> and <strong>circadian-light disruption</strong>—deserve continued investigation as potential influences on <strong>reproductive health</strong>. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Ovulation, sperm quality, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy outcomes, and developmental programming</strong>:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In the <strong>Circadian-Light-Hygiene hypothesis</strong>, the authors propose that daily light exposure is a fundamental regulator of reproductive health. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: Gubin, D.; Stefani, O.; Cornelissen, G.; Touitou, Y. The Circadian-Light-Hygiene Hypothesis: A Potential Modulator of Fertility and Birthrate Trends. Biology 2026, 15, 1023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15131023"><strong>https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15131023</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">EMFSA June 2026 EMF Research Report link <a href="https://mailchi.mp/emfsa/emfsa-june-2026-newsletter"><strong>https://mailchi.mp/emfsa/emfsa-june-2026-newsletter</strong></a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-emfsa wp-block-embed-emfsa"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="L6S37mGC8t"><a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-may-2026-newsletter-highlights/">EMFSA May 2026 Newsletter Highlights </a></blockquote><iframe loading="lazy" class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted"  title="“EMFSA May 2026 Newsletter Highlights ” — EMFSA" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-may-2026-newsletter-highlights/embed/#?secret=XLVq0x9gpb#?secret=L6S37mGC8t" data-secret="L6S37mGC8t" width="600" height="338" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>
</div></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="595" height="209" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1.jpg" alt="Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA) logo in white and green letters on a background depicting telecommunication systems" class="wp-image-31211" style="aspect-ratio:2.8471028037383177;width:329px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1.jpg 595w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/EMFSA-LOGO-1-300x105.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>Electromagnetic Fields South Africa (EMFSA) logo</strong></figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/emfsa-june-2026-emf-research-report/">EMFSA June 2026 EMF Research Report</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>Data Centre Approval Processes in South Africa</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/data-centre-approval-processes-in-south-africa/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 08:43:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Data Centres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Municipalities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Africa]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31382</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Municipal Data Centre Approval Processes in South Africa Published by EMFSA &#124; 28 June 2026 Data centre approval processes in South Africa do not have standalone municipal policies. 1. Municipalities like Cape Town, Johannesburg, and Tshwane typically regulate data centres through Broader planning and infrastructure systems in South Africa incorporate data centre approval processes. 2. [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/data-centre-approval-processes-in-south-africa/">Data Centre Approval Processes in South Africa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">Municipal Data Centre Approval Processes in South Africa</h1>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="589" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ismail-enes-ayhan-lVZjvw-u9V8-unsplash-1024x589.jpg" alt="Neat rows of illuminated server racks in a data centre" class="wp-image-31381" style="aspect-ratio:1.7385680098311882;width:360px;height:auto" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ismail-enes-ayhan-lVZjvw-u9V8-unsplash-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ismail-enes-ayhan-lVZjvw-u9V8-unsplash-300x173.jpg 300w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ismail-enes-ayhan-lVZjvw-u9V8-unsplash-768x442.jpg 768w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ismail-enes-ayhan-lVZjvw-u9V8-unsplash-1536x883.jpg 1536w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ismail-enes-ayhan-lVZjvw-u9V8-unsplash-2048x1178.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Server racks in a data centre *</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Published by EMFSA | 28 June 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Data centre approval processes in South Africa do not have standalone municipal policies.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">1. Municipalities like Cape Town, Johannesburg, and Tshwane typically regulate data centres through</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Land-use rezoning or consent-use applications (industrial/business zoning)</li>



<li>Building plan approvals</li>



<li>Environmental and noise impact assessments (where triggered)</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> Broader planning and infrastructure systems in South Africa incorporate data centre approval processes.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">2. Data Centre Approval Processes in South Africa and planning frameworks</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The available regulatory structure does not include a standalone municipal policy dedicated exclusively to data centres.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Data centre approval processes in South Africa involve:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Spatial development frameworks (SDFs)</li>



<li>General zoning schemes</li>



<li>Infrastructure capacity constraints (power/water)</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This reflects a wider African approach where regulators apply general ICT, land-use, and infrastructure frameworks to data centres.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">3. Communications infrastructure</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Regulators often classify and assess data centres as part of the broader communications and digital infrastructure ecosystem.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Licensing of ICT/network services</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In South Africa, regulators like <strong>ICASA</strong> control parts of the ecosystem:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Telecommunications and network services require licences and</li>



<li>Interconnection and infrastructure rules apply to carriers and operators</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Telecom frameworks indirectly regulate data centres that host telecom infrastructure or provide connectivity services:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>A hyperscale data centre depends on telecom carriers for connectivity</li>



<li>Licensing and regulatory obligations apply to telecommunications carriers.</li>



<li> Spectrum, interconnection, and compliance rules can constrain infrastructure rollout.</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Other indirect controls in South Africa</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Water and electricity regulation (critical for cooling and grid capacity)</li>



<li>Environmental permitting (NEMA processes where applicable)</li>



<li>National ICT policy direction (cloud/data strategy encouraging migration and infrastructure growth)</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Critical infrastructure</strong></h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Critical infrastructure increasingly includes data centres because they support essential services, government operations, finance, healthcare, communications, and national security.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The South African government has announced plans to designate data centres as critical infrastructure, under the Critical Infrastructure Protection Act however, implementation has not yet occurred.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Telecommunications networks are globally regarded as critical national infrastructure.</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Military infrastructure</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Data centres owned or operated by the armed forces would be classified as military infrastructure.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Defence bases, weapons systems, command-and-control facilities, and dedicated defence communications networks all fall within military infrastructure.</p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Key takeaway</h6>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>South Africa has no dedicated municipal data centre policy framework</li>



<li>Approval is handled through standard zoning, infrastructure and environmental processes</li>



<li>Telecom licensing, grid constraints, and infrastructure law shape data centres</li>



<li>Datacentres are increasingly recognised as critical infrastructure</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong> References</strong>: </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">South Africa: The National Policy on Data and Cloud – Some highlights <a href="https://bowmanslaw.com/insights/south-africa-the-national-policy-on-data-and-cloud-some-highlights/">https://bowmanslaw.com/insights/south-africa-the-national-policy-on-data-and-cloud-some-highlights/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Legal aspects of data centres in Africa <a href="https://www.clydeco.com/en/insights/2026/april/legal-aspects-of-data-centres-in-africa">https://www.clydeco.com/en/insights/2026/april/legal-aspects-of-data-centres-in-africa</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Why the clouds of secrecy over the impacts of SA data centre growth? (Part 4/5) <a href="https://henrynxumalofoundation.co.za/why-the-clouds-of-secrecy-over-the-impacts-of-sa-data-centre-growth/">https://henrynxumalofoundation.co.za/why-the-clouds-of-secrecy-over-the-impacts-of-sa-data-centre-growth/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Data centre ‘critical infrastructure’ tag welcomed, but detail still thin <a href="https://techcentral.co.za/data-centre-critical-infrastructure-tag-welcomed-but-detail-still-thin/278229/">https://techcentral.co.za/data-centre-critical-infrastructure-tag-welcomed-but-detail-still-thin/278229/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <strong>Photo by</strong><a href="https://unsplash.com/@ismailenesayhan?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText"><strong> İsmail Enes Ayhan</strong></a><strong> on</strong><a href="https://unsplash.com/photos/server-room-aisle-with-metal-equipment-racks-lVZjvw-u9V8?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText"><strong> Unsplash</strong></a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/data-centre-approval-processes-in-south-africa/">Data Centre Approval Processes in South Africa</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment: Free webinar!</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/bioadaptive-wellness-equipment-free-webinar/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 12:15:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bioadaptive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Magnetism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wellness]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31283</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment: Free webinar! Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment Webinar: “The Answers Have Changed” Premium Relocation Sale Items Explained: Light, Water, Magnetism Includes: RF Netting, Lighting, Magnetico, PBM Lights, Water Transformation, Research &#38; Study Equipment, and more. Guest post by A. Lech — 16 June 2026 When: Saturday 20 Jun 2026 at 15:00 to 15:40, GMT+2  [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/bioadaptive-wellness-equipment-free-webinar/">Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment: Free webinar!</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment: Free webinar! </h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment Webinar: “The Answers Have Changed”</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Premium Relocation Sale Items Explained: <strong>Light, Water, Magnetism</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Includes: RF Netting, Lighting, Magnetico, PBM Lights, Water Transformation, Research &amp; Study Equipment, and more.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="513" height="211" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Webinar-June.jpg" alt="Graphic with red background and white text announcing a free webinar on Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment, with additional note “Details in post”." class="wp-image-31282" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Webinar-June.jpg 513w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Webinar-June-300x123.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Promotional image for a free webinar on Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment.</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Guest post by A. Lech — 16 June 2026</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>When</strong>:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Saturday 20 Jun 2026 at 15:00 to 15:40, GMT+2 </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Registration</strong>:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">WhatsApp +27 63 787 9030 with “WEBINAR” to receive the link.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We will limit spaces to ensure better interaction and Q&amp;A.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Description</strong></h2>



<div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained">
<div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Join us for a special live webinar featuring the lead author of the South Africa National Report (2021, 2022) to the WHO International Optical Radiation and EMF Project.</p>
</div></div>



<div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Owing to an upcoming family relocation, we are making available our full collection of premium, research-grade wellness and environmental optimisation equipment at significantly reduced prices.</p>
</div></div>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">EMFSA has kindly listed the core items <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/massive-relocation-sale-emf-wellness-equipment/">https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/massive-relocation-sale-emf-wellness-equipment/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">New items are being added.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Importantly, this is not a standard sales webinar as we will explain the reasoning and application behind each category of equipment. These insights are directly linked to findings from the 2021–2022 WHO South Africa National Report and related research developments.</p>
</div></div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">What the webinar will cover</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Photon-flux model lighting &amp; PBM systems (red/NIR/UVA) – why switching from energy-flux to photon-flux models creates dramatically better outcomes for cellular energy, recovery, sleep, neurodivergent regulation, and resilience (with real-world SA examples and MRI/EEG/IRMS-validated shifts). </li>



<li>RF Netting Shielding and Magnetico magnetic field systems</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Deep dive into why static magnetic field enhancement (pure negative field, earth-like) is especially powerful in South Africa’s South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region. How it supports mitochondrial function, magnetoreception, stress resilience, and bioadaptation – exactly as discussed in the WHO report’s sections on magnetic fields, EBM (electrobiomodulation), and the inverse-Hall effect.</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Water transformation &amp; nanobubble systems (RO filters, nanobubble generators, etc.) – deuterium-aware water, REDOX optimisation, and practical climate-resilient applications (proven in desert, coastal, and high-wind SA conditions). </li>



<li>EMF testing, mitigation &amp; shielding tools – practical, cost-effective solutions selected for real SA homes and environments.  </li>



<li>Additional research instruments, accessories, and upcoming textbooks on deutenomics, biophysics, photon biology, sub-molecular sciences, and bioadaptive design. </li>



<li>Live Q&amp;A – ask about any specific item, bundle deals, summary practical setup for your home/practice, or integration with existing protocols.</li>



<li>Further consultation and details must be booked separately.</li>
</ul>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading"><br>Why This Equipment Is Different</h6>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Years of practical research and real-world experience have shaped these Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment systems. Their development spans family wellbeing, ecosystem restoration, neurodivergent support, and climate resilience.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Grounded in the principles of Batho Pele and bioadaptive thinking, they translate emerging insights in photon biology, magnetic fields, and water science into practical applications.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The result is a people-first approach informed by lived experience and measurable outcomes.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>SARS Tax claim rebate</strong>: </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Invoices can be provided by the sale for use in claims with SARS for medical and or disability purpose claims.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Perfect for</strong>:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Health &amp; wellness practitioners </li>



<li>Neurodivergent families and sensory-aware households</li>



<li>Anyone building low-EMF, high-resilience living or therapy spaces</li>



<li>Researchers and those interested in sub-molecular / quantum biology applications </li>



<li>Climate-adaptive and regenerative living enthusiasts</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">“<strong>The Answers Have Changed”</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Discover what this means in practical terms for your health, environment, and resilience.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A valuable opportunity to explore the science and context behind Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment in South Africa. </p>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Lech, J. et al. (2022). <em>South Africa National Report 2022</em>. World Health Organization International EMF Project – International Advisory Committee (IAC), 11th International Optical Radiation and 26th EMF Project Anniversary Meeting. figshare.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20012759.v1">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20012759.v1</a><br></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/bioadaptive-wellness-equipment-free-webinar/">Bioadaptive Wellness Equipment: Free webinar!</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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		<title>EMF Wellness Equipment: Massive Relocation Sale</title>
		<link>https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/massive-relocation-sale-emf-wellness-equipment/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Editor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 15:51:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EMF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PBM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wellness]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=31243</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>EMF Wellness Equipment: Massive Relocation Sale EMF Wellness Equipment: Wellness, Light Therapy &#38; Research Equipment &#8211; Due to our family’s upcoming relocation, we are offering our collection of high-quality wellness, research, and environmental optimization equipment at significantly reduced prices. Guest post by A. Lech — 09 June 2026 Premium Photobiomodulation (PBM), Red/NIR/UVA Systems, Water Treatment [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/massive-relocation-sale-emf-wellness-equipment/">EMF Wellness Equipment: Massive Relocation Sale</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h1 class="wp-block-heading">EMF Wellness Equipment: Massive Relocation Sale </h1>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">EMF Wellness Equipment: Wellness, Light Therapy &amp; Research Equipment &#8211;  Due to our family’s upcoming relocation, we are offering our collection of high-quality wellness, research, and environmental optimization equipment at significantly reduced prices.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Guest post by A. Lech — 09 June 2026</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Premium Photobiomodulation (PBM), Red/NIR/UVA Systems, Water Treatment Equipment, EMF Tools, Research Instruments &amp; Books</strong></h3>



<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Photos &amp; Pricing</h6>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Detailed photographs and individual pricing are available in the attached posters:</p>


<p><iframe 
    src="https://drive.google.com/embeddedfolderview?id=1HKdkVC1uiDSspa40lCO_SlcYc1MjPA-J#grid" 
    style="width:100%; height:800px; border:0;" 
    frameborder="0" 
    scrolling="yes"><br />
</iframe></p>


<h6 class="wp-block-heading">Purchase Information</h6>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Location:</strong> Cape Town</li>



<li><strong>Payment:</strong> Cash or EFT</li>



<li><strong>Collection:</strong> Preferred</li>



<li><strong>Delivery:</strong> Possible for larger purchases by arrangement</li>



<li><strong>Contact</strong>: Whatsapp +27  63 787 9030 (reference EMFSA for priority response)</li>



<li><strong>Limited stock</strong> available. </li>



<li><strong>Once sold, items will not be replaced</strong>.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Background &amp; Context</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These items originate from a long-term home-based research and environmental design project focused on photobiomodulation (PBM), therapeutic lighting environments, low-EMF living systems, water quality and transformation, sensory regulation, and wellness-oriented home design.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A key focus of this work involved the creation of supportive home environments for neurodivergent individuals, including autism-related sensory and environmental considerations. The emphasis was on practical, lived-in application of environmental tools to better understand comfort, regulation, and day-to-day functional support. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Why These Systems Were Selected</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Targeted red/NIR, UVA, and full-spectrum lighting systems used in environments focused on cellular energy support, recovery, and overall wellness.</li>



<li>Water filtration and transformation tools designed to support water quality and hydration-focused living environments.</li>



<li>EMF-aware accessories, including testers, filters, and timers, intended to assist with environmental monitoring and low-EMF living practices.</li>



<li>Durable, professional-grade equipment selected for long-term practical use, including applications explored in research, wellness, and environmental testing contexts.</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ideal For</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Health and wellness enthusiasts</li>



<li>Practitioners, clinics, and therapists</li>



<li>Wellness centres and integrative health spaces</li>



<li>Researchers and experimental environments</li>



<li>Individuals building/creating optimized home wellness or recovery-focused environments</li>



<li>Neurodivergent and sensory-aware living setups</li>



<li>Low-EMF and environmental optimisation </li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Categories</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Photobiomodulation (PBM) and red/NIR light therapy equipment</li>



<li>UVA and full-spectrum lighting systems</li>



<li>Water filtration and treatment equipment</li>



<li>Water structuring devices</li>



<li>EMF testing and mitigation accessories</li>



<li>RF shielding materials and netting</li>



<li>Magnetico and related wellness products</li>



<li>Scientific research instruments</li>



<li>Specialized health, wellness, and technical books</li>



<li>Various accessories and supporting equipment</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Key Features</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Professionally maintained and fully functional</li>



<li>Lightly used and in excellent condition</li>



<li>Suitable for home, practitioner, research, or wellness-center use</li>



<li>Includes systems used in long-term environmental and wellness testing environments</li>



<li>Many items are difficult to source locally</li>



<li>Bundle purchases welcomed</li>
</ul>



<div class="wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="649" src="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tamanna-rumee-Wt33T42JNCM-unsplash-1024x649.jpg" alt="The words &quot;sale&quot; in white on a red rectangles that are on a black background." class="wp-image-31244 size-full" srcset="https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tamanna-rumee-Wt33T42JNCM-unsplash-1024x649.jpg 1024w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tamanna-rumee-Wt33T42JNCM-unsplash-300x190.jpg 300w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tamanna-rumee-Wt33T42JNCM-unsplash-768x487.jpg 768w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tamanna-rumee-Wt33T42JNCM-unsplash-1536x974.jpg 1536w, https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tamanna-rumee-Wt33T42JNCM-unsplash-2048x1299.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">EMF Wellness Equipment: Massive Relocation Sale </p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za/news/massive-relocation-sale-emf-wellness-equipment/">EMF Wellness Equipment: Massive Relocation Sale</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.emfsa.co.za">EMFSA</a>.</p>
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