Spermatogenesis Archives - EMFSA https://www.emfsa.co.za/tag/spermatogenesis/ Electromagnetic fields South Africa Tue, 12 Jun 2018 21:06:17 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.3 https://www.emfsa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/cropped-EMFSA_logo-fv-32x32.png Spermatogenesis Archives - EMFSA https://www.emfsa.co.za/tag/spermatogenesis/ 32 32 Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/effects-mobile-phone-exposure-metabolomics-male-female-reproductive-systems/ Tue, 12 Jun 2018 21:06:17 +0000 http://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=5150 Altun G, Deniz OG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems. Environmental Research. Available online 5 June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.031 Highlights • Long-term exposure to EMF decreases sperm motility and fertilization. • Effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones are related to protein […]

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]]> Altun G, Deniz OG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems. Environmental Research. Available online 5 June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.031
Highlights
• Long-term exposure to EMF decreases sperm motility and fertilization.
• Effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones are related to protein synthesis.
• Oxidative stress based EMF exposure modulates nitric oxide level in the germ cells.
• Oxidative stress based EMF exposure inhibits antioxidant mechanisms in the germ cells.
Abstract
With current advances in technology, a number of epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a broad range of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular mechanisms have been proposed as direct causes or contributors to these biological effects. EMF-induced alterations in cellular levels can activate voltage-gated calcium channels and lead to the formation of free radicals, protein misfolding and DNA damage. Because rapidly dividing germ cells go through meiosis and mitosis, they are more sensitive to EMF in contrast to other slower-growing cell types. In this review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on fertilization, oogenesis and spermatogenesis are discussed. In addition, the present review also evaluates metabolomic effects of GSM-modulated EMFs on the male and female reproductive systems in recent human and animal studies. In this context, experimental and epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile phone radiation on the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are examined in line with current approaches.
Conclusion
EMF emitted by mobile phones has a number of well-documented adverse metabolomic effects on the male and female reproductive systems and can lead to infertility by increasing ROS production and reducing GSH and other antioxidants. The primary target of the EMF emitted by mobile phones may be the cell membrane (Pall in press, this volume). This then results in accelerated activity of membrane NADH oxidase and, consequently, greater rates of ROS formation that cannot be easily conjugated or detoxified. Although many studies have reported morphological and functional deteriorations in testis and ovary following EMF exposures, as well both structural and functional deficits in reproductive health, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. To assist in further clarification of these processes and mechanisms, Table 1 summarizes key studies on the metabolomic effects of EMF on reproductive systems. Future studies will benefit greatly from standardized exposure protocols and evaluations of key metabolomic indicators.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118300999

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]]> The genomic effects of cell phone exposure on the reproductive system https://www.emfsa.co.za/research-and-studies/genomic-effects-cell-phone-exposure-reproductive-system/ Sat, 09 Jun 2018 11:40:56 +0000 http://www.emfsa.co.za/?p=5114 Ahmad Yahyazadeha, Ömür Gülsüm Deniza, Arife Ahsen Kaplana, Gamze Altuna, Kıymet Kübra Yurta, Devra Davis https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.017 Highlights Electromagnetic fields (EMF) causes an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. EMF increases reactive oxygen species production. Exposure to EMF leads to disruptions in spermatogenic cells. Exposure to GSM-modulated EMF causes an increase in superoxide formation levels in […]

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]]> Ahmad Yahyazadeha, Ömür Gülsüm Deniza, Arife Ahsen Kaplana, Gamze Altuna, Kıymet Kübra Yurta, Devra Davis

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.017

Highlights
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) causes an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. EMF increases reactive oxygen species production.
Exposure to EMF leads to disruptions in spermatogenic cells.
Exposure to GSM-modulated EMF causes an increase in superoxide formation levels in human spermatozoa.
Abstract

Humans are exposed to increasing levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at various frequencies as technology advances. In this context, improving understanding of the biological effects of EMF remains an important, high priority issue. Although a number of studies in this issue and elsewhere have focused on the mechanisms of the oxidative stress caused by EMF, the precise understanding of the processes involved remains to be elucidated. Due to unclear results among the studies, the issue of EMF exposure in the literature should be evaluated at the genomic level on the reproductive system. Based on this requirement, a detail review of recently published studies is necessary. The main objectives of this study are to show differences between negative and positive effect of EMF on the reproductive system of animal and human. Extensive review of literature has been made based on well known data bases like Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus. This paper reviews the current literature and is intended to contribute to a better understanding of the genotoxic effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones and wireless systems on the human reproductive system, especially on fertility. The current literature reveals that mobile phones can affect cellular functions via non-thermal effects. Although the cellular targets of global system for mobile communications (GSM)-modulated EMF are associated with the cell membrane, the subject is still controversial. Studies regarding the genotoxic effects of EMF have generally focused on DNA damage. Possible mechanisms are related to ROS formation due to oxidative stress. EMF increases ROS production by enhancing the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase in the cell membrane. Further detailed studies are needed to elucidate DNA damage mechanisms and apoptotic pathways during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in germ cells exposed to EMF.

Abbreviations
  • EMF, electromagnetic field;
  • NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;
  • ROS, reactive oxygen species;
  • 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine;
  • RNS, reactive nitrogen species;
  • TNF, tumour necrosis factor;
  • PKC, protein kinase C;
  • DR, death receptor;
  • TNFR, TNF receptor;
  • TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand;
  • Apaf-1, apoptosis protease activating factor-1;
  • MAP, mitogen-activated protein, Fas fatty acid synthase;
  • 4HNE, 4-hydroxynoneNal;
  • ETC, electron transport chain;
  • GSM, global system for mobile communications;
  • SAR, specific absorption rate

 

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