Abstract

The present study evaluated whether short-term exposure to different doses of 2.1 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) has different effects on rats’ behaviour and hippocampal levels of central cholinergic biomarkers. Animals were divided into three equal groups namely; group 1 was sham-exposed group, group 2-3 were exposed to 45 V/m and 65 V/m doses of 2.1 GHz frequency for 1 week respectively. Numerical dosimetry simulations were carried out. Object location and Y-maze were used as behavioural tasks. The protein and mRNA expression levels of AChE, ChAT, and VAChT, in the hippocampus were tested using Western Blotting and Real-Time PCR. The impairment performance of rats subjected to 65 V/m dose of 2.1 GHz RF-EMR in both object location and Y-maze tasks was observed. The hippocampal levels of AChE, ChAT, and VAChT, were significantly lower in rats exposed to 65 V/m dose of 2.1 GHz RF-EMR than others. The stronger effect of “65 V/m” dose on both rat’s hippocampal-dependent behavioural performances and hippocampal levels of cholinergic biomarkers may be due to the stronger effect of “65 V/m” dose where rats’ snouts were located at the nearest distance from the monopole antenna. Furthermore, the simulated SAR values were high for 65 V/m electric-field strengths. For the first time, we report the potential dose-dependent effects of short-term exposure to 2.1 GHz radiation on rat’s behavioural performances as well as hippocampal levels of cholinergic biomarkers. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which RF-EMR influences the function of the central cholinergic system in the brain.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33259237/

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Abstract

Introduction: In the era of globalization, too much dependency on mobile phones is a cause of concern.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the risk assessment of microwave radiation (MWR) at 1800 MHz frequency and specific absorption rate 0.433 (W/kg) on male Wistar rats.

Methodology: Animals were divided into two groups: the first group is the control group, and the second group was exposed to 1800 MHz radiation for 90 days at 4 h/5 days/week in a month.

Results: Chronic exposure of MWR may alter GSH homeostasis due to alteration in various GSH cycle regulating enzymes such as GR, GPx, GST, and G6PDH which showed an imbalance in GSH content and causes an increase in the oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. A remarkable increase in the DNA damage was seen due to disorganization and pyknosis of neurons in exposed animal’s brain when compared with the control group (P ≤ 0.05). There was also a significant decline in AChE level.

Conclusion: The study concludes that MWR may cause neurochemical and pathophysiological damage by initiating the inflammatory process in various brain regions, especially in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These effects are further associated with a remarkable elevation in the genotoxicity of neurons with reference to the control group.

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Abstract

Background: Prenatal adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on nervous system are an issue of major concern.

Objective: Thus, in this study we evaluated the membrane current flow properties of Purkinje neurons after maternal exposure to 900 MHz pulsed RF-EMF.

Material and methods: In this experimental study, during all days of pregnancy, rats in the EMF-exposed group were exposed to 900 MHz pulsed-EMF radiation for 6 h per day. The effects of RF-EMF exposure on the electrophysiological properties of the Purkinje cerebellum neurons from male pups were evaluated by whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current and voltage clamp modes. In voltage-clamp experiments, the holding potential was -60mV, and a depolarizing voltage step (1000 ms duration) was applied from -60 to +50 mV in 10 mV increments at 2s intervals.

Results: The exposure group demonstrated reduced spontaneous firing associated with upward and rightward shift in I/V curve compared to the control rats. Moreover, the peak amplitude of the current for the exposure pups also revealed a significant decrement. The reversal potential was +40 mV and +20 mV for the control and RF-EMF groups, respectively and showed significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion: The decrease in ion’s conductance could be attributed to the observed decrease in the voltage onset of the inward current, peak amplitude and voltage shift.

Copyright: © Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering.

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Abstract

In this study, the impact of standard 2.45 GHz radio frequency source (averaged whole-body specific absorption rate 0.01 W kg^-1 24 h^-1 daily for 40 consecutive days) on the liver of Wistar female rats was investigated. The rats were randomly divided into control and Wi-Fi-exposed groups. At the end of the exposure, liver samples were dissected from rats. Rats’ livers were inspected through the evaluation of some oxidative stress parameters and the evaluation of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels as well as through the molecular investigation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Histopathological examination in addition to ultrastructure examination was also performed. The present data revealed that Wi-Fi exposure leads to severe oxidative stress in the rat liver. Furthermore, Wi-Fi exposure resulted in deleterious effects in the liver function and alters its molecular structure. Moreover, severe histological and ultrastructural alterations are reported in the hepatic tissues points to hepatotoxic effects induced by Wi-Fi exposure. In conclusion, care must be taken when using Wi-Fi emitting devices due to their severe impact on the liver. Public awareness of the need to decrease exposure time and increase the distance from Wi-Fi exposure sources must be raised wherever possible.

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https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/electrosmog/newsletter-of-the-swiss-expert-group-on-electromagnetic-fields-a.html?fbclid=IwAR0sCx3qsqFWvXc-ArC2jkVlUpP6JctCMSW2LVDjs2T4dxYarlrbgAITvqY

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Newsletter_BERENIS_Nr._19_-_ENGLISH (2)

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NTP Study – my first impressions…

Today, the US NTP published results of its animal study examining effects of RF-EMF on mice and rats. Both reports are quite long to read and I had no time for detailed evaluation yet. However, in my opinion, the NTP study demonstrates that exposures to cell phone radiation cause biological and health effects in animals. This confirms that biological and health effects in humans are possible.

The most significant finding, in my opinion, is the development of gliomas in exposed animals. Increased risk for developing of the same tumor was shown in epidemiological studies. This is a very significant finding. NTP study dramatically strengthens the evidence obtained from epidemiological studies. Now, mechanism for the development of glioma should be determined. It needs to be determined whether RF radiation induces glioma by itself or whether RF radiation only assists in development of gliomas caused by other factor(s). The first option is more dangerous but less likely. Dangerous because many users could be in danger of developing glioma but less likely because RF has low energy. The second option is less dangerous and more likely. Less dangerous because RF would only assist in developing of the glioma caused by other factors. Glioma is a rare disease so, there would be not so many persons that would develop glioma with the help of RF exposure. This option is for me more likely because RF has been shown to activate various cellular signaling pathways able to assist in development of cancer. I explained this, to some degree, in my article in The Conversation UK.  Replication of the NTP study is needed with new settings to examine the origins of glioma.

The other issue is observation of a plethora of statistically significant and non-significant effects such as decline in body weight or benign tumors. While these effects are not immediately life threatening, occurrence of these effects clearly demonstrates that the normal metabolism of animals was altered by the RF exposures, leading to lesser weight and benign tumors. We do not know what mechanisms underlie these effects and we need urgent research to find out. Summa summarum, these non-lethal effects show destabilization of normal metabolism in exposed animals.

Finally, the important issue is observation of an increased levels of damaged DNA in some tissues and organs. Is RF responsible for the damage or is RF inhibiting DNA repair mechanisms? What happens with the damaged DNA – will it be repaired or will it persist in next cell generations? Is similar increase in damaged DNA happening in people exposed to cell phones? We need answers to these questions too.

Temperature of animals was in some exposure conditions increasing but no more than 1 deg. C. This is toxicology study and this is understandable side-effect of the over-exposure to RF.  This over-exposure-associated temperature increase might have impact on some of the observed biological effects but, at the same time, such small temperature increase is not known to cause glioma or other cancers.

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Draft Technical Reports

• TR-595: NTP Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation (Rats)

• TR-596: NTP Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation (Mice)

March 26-28, 2018

Peer Review of the Draft NTP Technical Reports on Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation

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