Abstract

Many aspects of chemistry and biology are mediated by electromagnetic field (EMF) interactions. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly sensitive to EMF stimuli. Studies have explored the direct effect of different EMFs on the electrical properties of neurons in the last two decades, particularly focusing on the role of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs). This work aims to systematically review published evidence in the last two decades detailing the effects of EMFs on neuronal ion channels as per the PRISM guidelines. Following a predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria, 22 papers were included after searches on three online databases. Changes in calcium homeostasis, attributable to the voltage-gated calcium channels, were found to be the most commonly reported result of EMF exposure. EMF effects on the neuronal landscape appear to be diverse and greatly dependent on parameters, such as the field’s frequency, exposure time, and intrinsic properties of the irradiated tissue, such as the expression of VGCs. Here, we systematically clarify how neuronal ion channels are particularly affected and differentially modulated by EMFs at multiple levels, such as gating dynamics, ion conductance, concentration in the membrane, and gene and protein expression. Ion channels represent a major transducer for EMF-related effects on the CNS.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33945157/

Extract

Limitations of this study

This study investigates a complex field, with sometimes conflicting results. The many variables that influence the impact of EMF exposure on neural tissue, such as the physiological state of the cell, its developmental stage, and the various physical characteristics of the many fields involved, complicate the reproducibility and often impede a consistent comparison between different studies. In spite of having highlighted some recurring patterns in the reported results, this review is, therefore, limited by the intrinsic differences of the studies reviewed.

Conclusion

Extract

Improved experimental reproducibility will be key to any advances in this field, and the development of new experimental procedures capable of measuring the small but profound way in which certain types of EMF exposure seem to affect our brain might help us to establish whether it is harmful and its therapeutic potential. We hope this work will help in improving our knowledge about the molecular dynamics of neuronal VGCs, which will be key both for any progress in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and for an advancement in the general understanding of the relationship between technological progress and cellular dynamics.

https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.14597

© 2021 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of New York Academy of Sciences.

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Abstract

As a neurotoxicant, lead (Pb) primarily affects central nervous system, and particularly impacts developing brain. This study explores the associations of blood Pb level and children’s behavioral health. A total of 213 preschool children aged 3-7 years old were recruited from Guiyu (the e-waste-exposed area) and Haojiang (the reference area). The behavioral health of children was assessed using the ‘behavioral symptoms’ subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results showed that there was a significant difference in percent of children categorized as “at risk” between Guiyu (48.2%) and Haojiang (13.9%) (p < 0.001). The blood Pb level of children in Guiyu was significantly higher than those in Haojiang (median: 5.19 μg/dL vs. 3.42 μg/dL, p < 0.001). The serum Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was significantly lower in Guiyu children than those in Haojiang. Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated that blood Pb levels was negatively correlated with NPY (r_s = -0.25, p < 0.001), but positively correlated with behavioral symptom scores; while serum NPY levels were negatively associated with behavioral symptom scores. Behavioral symptom scores were higher in children with blood Pb level ≥5.00 μg/dL (high) than those with blood Pb level < 5.00 μg/dL (low). After adjusting for confounding factors, children with lower NPY levels were at higher risk of having behavioral difficulties. In conclusion, Pb exposure in e-waste-exposed areas may lead to decrease in serum NPY and increase in the risk of children’s behavioral problems. In addition, NPY may mediate the association between Pb exposure and behavioral difficulties.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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https://www.saferemr.com/2019/07/recent-research.html

Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Central nervous system lymphoma and radiofrequency radiation – A case report and incidence data in the Swedish Cancer Register on non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Difference of ICNIRP Guidelines and IEEE C95.1 Standard for Human Protection from Radio-Frequency Exposures

Human Electromagnetic Field Exposure in 5G at 28 GHz Radiation

Radiation Analysis in a Gradual 5G Network Deployment Strategy

Measurement and Analysis of the Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Environment in Downtown Areas of Beijing

Electromagnetic radiation and Alzheimer’s disease

Which sources of electromagnetic field are of the highest concern for electrosensitive individuals? – Questionnaire study with a literature review

The effect of short-term electromagnetic fields caused by mobile phones on the electrical activity of alpha and beta brain waves

Effects of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure on sleep-dependent memory consolidation

The Relationship between Risk Perception of Cell Phones and Objective Knowledge of EMF in Korea

Somatosensory illusions elicited by sham electromagnetic field exposure: Experimental evidence for a predictive processing account of somatic symptom perception

Influences of exposure to 915-MHz radiofrequency identification signals on serotonin metabolites in rats: A pilot study (of RFID)

The protective effect of melatonin on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields of mobile phone-induced testicular damage in an experimental mouse mode

Effect of mobile phone signal radiation on epigenetic modulation in the hippocampus of Wistar rat

No Increased DNA Damage Observed in the Brain, Liver, and Lung of Fetal Mice Treated With Ethylnitrosourea and Exposed to UMTS Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Evaluation of heart rate variability, blood pressure and lipid profile alterations from dual transceiver mobile phone radiation exposure

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of mobile phone use on the oral epithelium: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice

Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Thermal Sensitivity in the Rat

Effects of radiofrequency field exposure on proteotoxic-induced and heat-induced HSF1 response in live cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technique

Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz increases toxicity, pro-inflammatory and pre-apoptotic activity caused by black carbon in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line

IEC/IEEE International Standard – Measurement procedure for assessment of specific absorption rate of human exposure to RF fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices

Study of the effects of 3.1 THz radiation on the expression of recombinant red fluorescent protein (RFP) in E. coli

Study on the effects of terahertz radiation on gene networks of Escherichia coli by means of fluorescent biosensors

Occupational Exposure to Electric Shocks and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Motor Neurone Disease

Association of personal exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields with pregnancy outcomes among women seeking fertility treatment in a longitudinal cohort study

Changes in the Honeybee Antioxidant System after 12 h of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field Frequency of 50 Hz and Variable Intensity

The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure at 1 mT on hemogram and blood biochemistry in rats

Safety of smartwatches and their chargers in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices

Tumour treating fields therapy for glioblastoma: current advances and future directions

The post October 11, 2020: 31 New Papers on Electromagnetic Fields and Biology or Health, Electromagnetic Radiation Safety appeared first on EMFSA.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00420-017-1224-0

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Correspondence “Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence”
Published on April 13, 2017
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/correspondence-cancers-brain-cns-global-patterns-trends-smj-mortazavi

SMJ Mortazavi
Medical Physicist, Visiting Scientist, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania SAR Mortazavi, Maryam Paknahad

Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering (JBPE), in press.
Abstract

Miranda-Filho et al. in their recently published paper entitled “Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence” provided a global status report of the geographic and temporal variations in the incidence of brain and CNS cancers in different countries across continents worldwide. While the authors confirm the role of genetic risk factors and ionizing radiation exposures, they claimed that no firm conclusion could be drawn about the role of exposure to non-ionizing radiation. The paper authored by Miranda-Filho et al. not only addresses a challenging issue, it can be considered as a good contribution in the field of brain and CNS cancers. However, this correspondence addresses a basic shortcoming of this paper about the role of electromagnetic fields and cancers and provides evidence which shows that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), at least at high levels and long term exposures, can increases the risk of cancer.

Correspondence

With great interest, we have read the article by Miranda-Filho et al. entitled “Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence” that is published in the journal of Neuro-Oncology (2016) doi:10.1093/neuonc/now166(1). In this article, the authors provided a global status report of the geographic and temporal variations in the incidence of brain and CNS cancers in different countries across continents worldwide. The paper authored by Miranda-Filho et al. not only addresses a challenging issue, it can be considered as a good contribution in the field of brain and CNS cancers. However, it has at least one basic shortcoming regarding its literature review. The authors confirmed the role of genetic risk factors and ionizing radiation exposures but claim that no firm conclusion could be drawn about the role of exposure to non-ionizing radiation, a new type of inescapable exposure which has been increased exponentially over the past decades “Exposure to non-ionizing radiation, especially radiofrequency fields from mobile phones but also low frequency fields, infections with some viruses, use of hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, statins, vitamin D level, alcohol, height, BMI, and occupational exposures have been investigated, but no firm conclusions can be drawn at present”. They also cite a Nordic study which could not show any association between increased mobile phone use and glioma “A recent study conducted in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) revealed that although mobile phone use increased dramatically, the incidence of glioma remained almost constant between 1979 and 2008 in all 4 countries”. It seems that Miranda-Filho et al. did not consider the findings of other studies which found a significant link between exposure to non-ionizing radiation and cancer. For example, a recent large-scale study conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) revealed statistically significant increases in cancer in rodents exposed to GSM or CDMA signals for two-years. This study showed that when the intensity of the radiation increased, the incidence of cancer among the rats also increased (2). This 25,000,000 USD study that is the most complex study completed by the NTP, showed that the occurrence of malignant gliomas in the brain and schwannomas of the heart, can be linked to exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency radiation (RFR) “The occurrences of two tumor types in male Harlan Sprague Dawley rats exposed to RFR, malignant gliomas in the brain and schwannomas of the heart, were considered of particular interest, and are the subject of this report”.

It is worth noting that the NTP study is criticized for its possible flaws by some researchers. In this light we can even exclude this study and consider other studies which seem to be more valid. Bortkiewicz et al. have recently performed a meta-analysis and reported that their findings supported this hypothesis that long-term use of mobile phones was linked to increases risk of intracranial tumors (3). Another meta-analysis performed recently by Wang and Guo showed a significant association between mobile phone use (> 5 years use) and the risk of glioma(4). Furthermore, Yakymenko et al. have previously reviewed the published data on carcinogenic effects of long term exposure to low intensity microwave radiation(5). They stated that there were reports indicating that exposure to low intensity microwave could lead to cancer progression in laboratory animals and humans. They also stated that the carcinogenic effect of these radiations was more prominent for long term exposures (> 10 years).

Moreover, as Miranda-Filho et al. had claimed that in case of low frequency fields there is no firm conclusions at present, it is worth noting that the findings of a study performed by Akbarnejad et al. showed that the proliferation and apoptosis of human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines were affected by exposure to extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs). Findings of their study showed that ELF-PEMFs could promote either proliferation or cell death (the mode of action was dependent on physical parameters such as the amplitude, frequency and exposure time) (6).

Journal of  Biomedical Physics and Engineering : Cancers of the Brain and CNS: Global Patterns and Trends in Incidence https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5928307/

References

1. Miranda-Filho A, Piñeros M, Soerjomataram I, Deltour I, Bray F. Cancers of the brain and CNS: global patterns and trends in incidence. Neuro-Oncology. 2016:now166.

2. Wyde M, Cesta M, Blystone C, Elmore S, Foster P, Hooth M, et al. Report of Partial findings from the National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley® SD rats (Whole Body Exposure). bioRxiv. 2016:055699.

3. Bortkiewicz A, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W. Mobile phone use and risk for intracranial tumors and salivary gland tumors – A meta-analysis. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 2017 Feb 21;30(1):27-43. PubMed PMID: 28220905. Epub 2017/02/22. eng.

4. Wang Y, Guo X. Meta-analysis of association between mobile phone use and glioma risk. Journal of cancer research and therapeutics. 2016 Dec;12(Supplement):C298-C300. PubMed PMID: 28230042. Epub 2017/02/24. eng.

5. Yakymenko I, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Chekhun V. Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems. Experimental oncology. 2011 Jun;33(2):62-70. PubMed PMID: 21716201. Epub 2011/07/01. eng.

6. Akbarnejad Z, Eskandary H, Vergallo C, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Dini L, Darvishzadeh-Mahani F, et al. Effects of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) on glioblastoma cells (U87). Electromagnetic biology and medicine. 2016 Nov 22:1-10. PubMed PMID: 27874284. Epub 2016/11/23. eng.

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