Brain tumor Archives - EMFSA

The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary

Editor — Thu, 11 Aug 2022 08:37:15 +0000

David N Louis, Arie Perry, Pieter Wesseling, Daniel J Brat, Ian A Cree, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Cynthia Hawkins, H K Ng, Stefan M Pfister, Guido Reifenberger, Riccardo Soffietti, Andreas von Deimling, David W Ellison, The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary, Neuro-Oncology, Volume 23, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 1231–1251, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab106

Abstract

The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, is the sixth version of the international standard for the classification of brain and spinal cord tumors. Building on the 2016 updated fourth edition and the work of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy, the 2021 fifth edition introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification. At the same time, it remains wedded to other established approaches to tumor diagnosis such as histology and immunohistochemistry. In doing so, the fifth edition establishes some different approaches to both CNS tumor nomenclature and grading and it emphasizes the importance of integrated diagnoses and layered reports. New tumor types and subtypes are introduced, some based on novel diagnostic technologies such as DNA methylome profiling. The present review summarizes the major general changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification and the specific changes in each taxonomic category. It is hoped that this summary provides an overview to facilitate more in-depth exploration of the entire fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.

https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/article/23/8/1231/6311214

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Aggressive Brain Tumors on the Rise in England

Editor — Sat, 31 Mar 2018 20:54:42 +0000

Microwave News http://microwavenews.com/news-center/gbms-rising-uk

Rate of GBM More Than Doubled Between 1995 and 2015

The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the deadliest type of brain tumor, more than doubled in England between 1995 and 2015, according to a new analysis of national statistics. During that time, the number of cases of GBM rose from 983 to 2,531.

“We found a sustained and highly significant increase in GBM throughout the 21 years and across all ages,” said Alasdair Philips, the lead author of the study, which has just been released online by the peer-reviewed, open access, Journal of Environmental and Public Health.

“The incidence rate of GBM, the most aggressive and quickly fatal brain tumor, is rising dramatically in England while the rates for lower grade tumors have decreased, masking this dramatic trend in the overall data,” Philips told Microwave News from his home in Beeswing in southern Scotland, not far from the English border.

What’s Causing the Rise of GBM?

Philips and coworkers do not know what is causing the increase in GBM, but they reject improved diagnosis because these tumors are generally fatal and are very rarely missed. “We suggest that widespread environmental or lifestyle factors may be responsible,” they write.

One possible factor is the widespread use of cell phones.“When we looked at the incidence of GBM tumors we found an even more dramatic rise in frontal and temporal regions of the brain. This raises the suspicion that mobile phone use may be promoting gliomas.”

“Indeed, our findings support previous work by Lennart Hardell’s group in Sweden.”

“The new paper adds further evidence for the increased risk of glioma associated with mobile phone use,” Hardell told us by e-mail from Örebro, Sweden. “It is in agreement with previous epidemiological findings of a higher glioma risk in humans using mobile phones and certainly also with the recent RF–animal studies from America and Italy.”

Philips also raises the possibility that an increased exposure to X-rays from CT scans might be contributing to the higher rates of GBM.

See the link for more, including very interesting tables. http://microwavenews.com/news-center/gbms-rising-uk

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Recommendations by Peer Review Panel: US National Toxicology Program (Cell Phone Radiation Study)

Editor — Thu, 29 Mar 2018 21:34:58 +0000

Scientists have concluded their peer review of the draft reports of the $25 Million US government National Toxicology Program (NTP) study on cell phone radiation.

Recommendations by the expert panel:

The peer review panel has recommended that the NTP upgrade the level of evidence that GSM cell phone radiation is linked to malignant schwannoma in the heart in male rats from SOME evidence to CLEAR evidence.The NTP staff had recommended the “some” designation in its draft report. The panel made the same recommendation for CDMA RF radiation (with respect to malignant schwannoma in the heart in male rats) – upgrading the evidence to CLEAR. In addition, the panel recommended that NTP upgrade the evidence for malignant schwannoma in the heart of female rats exposed to GSM cell phone radiation from NO evidence to EQUIVOCAL evidence.

The panel also recommended that the NTP upgrade the evidence for malignant glioma (brain tumors) in male rats exposed to GSM cell phone radiation from EQUIVOCAL to SOME EVIDENCE.

Near the close of the first day of the peer review meeting of the NTP RF animal study, Ron Melnick, who led the team that designed the study, said from the floor: “The purpose of the study was to challenge the null hypothesis that are no adverse health effects at minimal exposure intensities. The null hypothesis has been disproved.” The point is that you can argue about the nature and extent of the health risks, but not whether they exist.

Excellent advice from Dr. Adler: “we cannot wait lifetimes to determine that cellphones cause brain cancer. The FDA must carry out risk assessment now including both néoplastic & noneoplastic tissues.”

“It should most likely lead to a reduction in exposure limits,” said Ronald Melnick, the NTP scientist who designed the study before he retired nine years ago.

“Enough is enough, how many more deaths would be needed before serious action is taken? Over the past 15 years more and more data have been accumulating. Today the external peer reviewers of the National Toxicology Program voted to increase the level of evidence for the causal role of radiofrequency radiation for several tumors and other negative health effects. It’s time for action,” stated Dr. Annie Sasco MD, DrPH, former Chief of Research Unit of Epidemiology for Cancer Prevention at the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization and medical advisor to Environmental Health Trust (EHT).

Table of recommendations of the peer review panel:

Joel Moskowitz http://www.saferemr.com/2018/01/national-toxicology-program-peer-public.html has compiled a table with all 20 recommendations of NTP’s peer review panel, side-by-side with those in NTP’s draft report. 180328_summary of NTP expert panel recommendations

The FDA responds:

The FDA’s director of the office of science and engineering, Edward Margerrison, attended the meeting and warned afterwards against forming rash conclusions based on Wednesday’s votes. “We’re taking a responsible approach,” he said. “We’re not gonna knee-jerk on anything.”

The FDA will translate the rodent findings to human health risks, and the Federal Communications Commission will decide whether the FDA conclusions are serious enough to warrant setting lower emissions standards for U.S. cellphones or taking other precautions.

EMFSA notes the following: upon the release of the NTP draft reports (even BEFORE the outcome of the peer review) the Director of FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Jeffrey Shuren stated: “We believe the current safety limits for cell phones are acceptable for protecting the public health.”

Sources and additional information relating to the NTP Study:

Can your cellphone cause cancer? Scientists find definitive link in study of rats. http://www.newsobserver.com/news/business/health-care/article207112454.html#storylink=cpy

“Clear Evidence of Cancer” Concludes U.S. National Toxicology Program Expert Panel on Cell Phone Radiation

Experts find “clear evidence” of cancer from cell phone radiation in NTP study http://www.saferemr.com/2018/01/national-toxicology-program-peer-public.html

How Big Wireless Made Us Think That Cell Phones Are Safe: A Special Investigation:

The disinformation campaign—and massive radiation increase—behind the 5G rollout https://www.thenation.com/article/how-big-wireless-made-us-think-that-cell-phones-are-safe-a-special-investigation/

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Long-term cell phone use increases brain tumor risk, 8 May 2017

Editor — Tue, 09 May 2017 13:00:36 +0000

According to a recent CDC survey, for the first time more American households have cell phones than land lines. Meanwhile the evidence keeps accruing that long term cell phone use appears to increase brain cancer risk.

In the U.S. the lifetime risk of developing glioma, the most common brain cancer, is between 1 in 200 and 1 in 250. If the risk increased by 40% due to cell phone use, the likelihood of developing glioma during your lifetime would be between 1 in 140 and 1 in 180. If the risk doubles, the lifetime risk of developing glioma would be between 1 in 100 and 1 in 125.

Four reviews of the research on cell phone use and brain tumor risk have been published in peer-reviewed journals in 2017. All of these studies report finding a statistically significant relationship between cell phone use of ten or more years and brain tumor risk especially on the side of the head where the cell phone was predominantly placed during phone calls (i.e., ipsilateral use).

Mobile phone use and glioma risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“In the final analysis, we observed that there was a statistical association between long-term mobile phone use and glioma risk, suggesting a possible dose-response relationship. No relationship was observed between risk of glioma and any period ipsilateral use of mobile phone which is consistent with the results of previous meta-analyses [4–7]. However, long-term ipsilateral use was associated with increased risk of glioma. Contralateral use was not associated with glioma regardless of the duration of mobile phone use. These findings suggest a possible role of cumulative exposure and regional localization in a potential underlying biological mechanism links mobile phone use with glioma [34, 35]. Limited data exist supporting ipsi/contralateral mobile phone use with glioma, larger and longer studies are required to better characterize this possible link.” http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175136

Evaluation of Mobile Phone and Cordless Phone Use and Glioma Risk Using the
Bradford Hill Viewpoints from 1965 on Association or Causation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28401165

Mobile phone use and risk for intracranial tumors and salivary gland tumors–A meta-analysis http://ijomeh.eu/Mobile-phone-use-and-risk-for-intracranial-tumors-and-salivary-gland-tumors-A-meta-analysis,63713,0,2.html

Mobile phone use and risk of brain tumors: a systematic review https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28213724

Electromagnetic Radiation Safety http://www.saferemr.com/2017/02/long-term-cell-phone-use-increases.html

Also see

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